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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) vs placebo or no treatment Cardiovascular mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.11] | 3 studies · 4070 participants | Moderate |
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) vs placebo or no treatment Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.69, 0.98] | 3 studies · 3714 participants | Moderate |
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) vs placebo or no treatment Hyperkalaemia · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.11 [1.77, 2.52] | 6 studies · 4291 participants | High |
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.06] | 5 studies · 4207 participants | Moderate |
Stem cell therapy vs control All‐cause mortality · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.31] | 7 studies · 361 participants | Very low |
Stem cell therapy (any type) vs peripheral therapy with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor Health‐related quality of life · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Low |
Stem cell therapy (any type) vs peripheral therapy with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor Performance status – functional class (NYHA) · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Stem cell therapy (any type) vs peripheral therapy with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor Performance status – exercise tolerance (6MWT) (m) · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 155 participants | Low |
Stem cell therapy (any type) vs peripheral therapy with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor MACE · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Stem cell therapy vs control Procedural complications Within 30 days · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 361 participants | Very low |
Stem cell therapy vs control Health‐related quality of life · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 272 participants | Very low |
Stem cell therapy vs control Performance status – 6MWT (m) · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 230 participants | Very low |
Stem cell therapy vs control Performance status – change in functional class (NYHA) · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 398 participants | Low |
Stem cell therapy vs control MACE · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Stem cell therapy vs control Ventricular arrhythmia · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 504 participants | Low |
Stem cell therapy (any type) vs peripheral therapy with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor All‐cause mortality · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.16, 1.31] | 3 studies · 195 participants | Very low |
Stem cell therapy (any type) vs peripheral therapy with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor Procedural complications (safety) · DCM (non‐ischaemic) Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
IF vs ad libitum (short term) Outcomes (4 to 12 weeks · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (short term) All‐cause mortality · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (short term) CV Mortality · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (short term) Stroke · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (short term) MI · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (short term) Heart failure · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (short term) Absolute change in body weight (kg) (4 to 12 weeks · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 719 participants | Very low |
IF vs CER (short term) Absolute change in Glucose (mmol/L) (4 to 12 weeks · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 582 participants | Very low |
IF vs CER (medium term) Outcomes (4 months ‐ 6 months · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (medium term) All‐cause mortality · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (medium term) CV Mortality · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs ad libitum (short term) All‐cause mortality · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (medium term) Stroke · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (medium term) MI · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (medium term) Heart failure · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs CER (medium term) Absolute change in body weight (kg) (4 months ‐ 6 months · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 279 participants | Low |
IF vs CER (medium term) Absolute change in glucose (mmol/L) (4 months ‐ 6 months · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 279 participants | Low |
IF vs ad libitum (short term) CV Mortality · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs ad libitum (short term) Stroke · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs ad libitum (short term) MI · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs ad libitum (short term) Heart failure · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IF vs ad libitum (short term) Absolute change in body weight (kg) (4 to 12 weeks · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 224 participants | Low |
IF vs ad libitum (short term) Absolute change in Glucose (mmol/L) (8 to 12 weeks · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 95 participants | Very low |
IF vs CER (short term) Outcomes (4 to 12 weeks · the prevention of cardiovascular disease Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vegan dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention CVD events ‐ not reported · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 244 participants | Moderate |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 256 participants | Moderate |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Triglycerides (mmol/L), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 256 participants | Moderate |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 247 participants | Very low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 247 participants | Very low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention CVD events ‐ not reported · people with CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Total cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people with CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people with CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |