Dental caries · Children with permanent dentition (>12 years)
In children with permanent dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 28% higher caries risk (RR 1.28; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.28 [1.21, 1.35]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental caries · Children with deciduous dentition (<6 years)
In children with deciduous dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 68% higher caries risk (RR 1.68; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.68 [1.57, 1.79]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental caries · Children (mixed dentition; baseline about 8 years)
In children with mixed dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with an 8% higher caries risk (RR 1.08; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.08 [1.04, 1.12]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals changes gestational diabetes compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal adverse event: hypercalcaemia · pregnant women and their infants..
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ Hypercalciuria · pregnant women and their infants..
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical relapse · people with inflammatory bowel disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Quality of life · people with inflammatory bowel disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease
It is very uncertain whether any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical response · people with inflammatory bowel disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Clinical response · people with inflammatory bowel disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Clinical relapse · people with inflammatory bowel disease
High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) showed no clear difference in clinical relapse at end of study (52 weeks) compared with low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · people with inflammatory bowel disease
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease
It is very uncertain whether high‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Prostate cancer: OR 1.04 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.09), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Type 2 diabetes: OR 0.63 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.69), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Sporadic colorectal adenoma recurrence · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma recurrence: OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.33), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review