What do systematic reviews say?

Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone

• Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone

• Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone

• Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

NMA evidence for individual network: proportion with complete healing ‐ interventions vs saline gauze

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dressings and topical agents for treating pressure ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Does normal saline flushing in long‐term central venous catheters (CVC) prevent occlusion vs heparin flushing

It is very uncertain whether does normal saline flushing in long‐term central venous catheters… changes CVC occlusion rate per 1000 catheter days: ability to infuse… compared with heparin flushing (very low certainty).

• Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) versus heparin intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long‐term… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.75 [0.1, 5.51]
  2 studies · 229 participants
  Very low

Does normal saline flushing in long‐term central venous catheters (CVC) prevent occlusion vs heparin flushing

Does normal saline flushing in long‐term central venous catheters… showed no clear difference in CVC‐associated blood stream infection rate per 1000 catheter days:… compared with heparin flushing (low certainty).

• Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) versus heparin intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long‐term… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 1.48 [0.24, 9.37]
  2 studies · 231 participants
  Low

Does normal saline flushing in long‐term central venous catheters (CVC) prevent occlusion vs heparin flushing

• Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) versus heparin intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long‐term… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 203 participants
  Moderate

Ear drops (water or saline) vs no treatment

Ear drops (water or saline) may leads to higher proportion of patients (or ears) with complete clearance of ear wax compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Ear drops for the removal of ear wax 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4
  1 study · 48 participants
  Low

Ear drops (water or saline) vs no treatment

Ear drops (water or saline) may leads to lower adverse effects: discomfort, irritation or pain compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Ear drops for the removal of ear wax 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) vs sclerotherapy (any sclerosant)

• Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 348 participants
  Moderate

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) vs sclerotherapy (any sclerosant)

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) probably leads to lower adverse events ‐ hyperpigmentation ( compared with sclerotherapy (any sclerosant) (moderate certainty).

• Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.59, 0.93]
  2 studies · 288 participants
  Moderate

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) vs sclerotherapy (any sclerosant)

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ matting ( compared with sclerotherapy (any sclerosant) (moderate certainty).

• Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.58, 1.36]
  2 studies · 288 participants
  Moderate

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) vs sclerotherapy (any sclerosant)

• Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 348 participants
  Moderate

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) vs sclerotherapy (any sclerosant)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) vs sclerotherapy (any sclerosant)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Sclerotherapy (hypertonic saline) vs sclerotherapy (any sclerosant)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ 2 site (4‐8 o?clock) paracervical block vs 4 site (2‐4‐8‐10 o?clock) paracervical block

• Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 41 participants
  Moderate

Any washout vs no washout

• Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 53 participants
  Low

Any washout vs no washout

• Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Very low

Any washout vs no washout

• Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Very low