Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

329 questions · 345 findings · 49 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 23 · 6.7%GRADE not reported 17 · 4.9%Very low 117 · 33.9%Low 87 · 25.2%Moderate 91 · 26.4%High 10 · 2.9%

CHLORPROMAZINE vs RESERPINE

Leaving the study early ‐ due to adverse effects (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ due to adverse effects (short term) compared with RESERPINE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs placebo

Global state: Change over time ‐ no better or deterioration ‐ short term clinically defined · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes global state: Change over time ‐ no better or deterioration ‐ short… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs antipsychotics

Adverse events: extrapyramidal adverse effects ‐ dystonia ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes adverse events: extrapyramidal adverse effects dystonia ‐ short term compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs antipsychotics

Other adverse events: any serious adverse event ‐ short and long term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes other adverse events: any serious adverse event ‐ short and long term compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs placebo

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes mental state: Relapse ‐ short term clinical diagnosis compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs placebo

Adverse events: extrapyramidal adverse effects ‐ dystonia ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes adverse events: extrapyramidal adverse effects ‐ dystonia ‐ short term compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs antipsychotics

Global state: Change over time ‐ no better or deterioration ‐ short and medium term as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes global state: Change over time ‐ no better or deterioration ‐ short… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Clinically important response to treatment (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in clinically important response to treatment (short term) compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in leaving the study early due to any reason as a measure of overall… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes leaving the study early due to inefficacy of treatment as a measure… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ due to adverse effects (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes leaving the study early due to adverse events as a measure of… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with schizophrenia

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in adverse effects: number of participants with at least one adverse… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes adverse effects: extrapyramidal side effects: number of participants… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo

Clinically significant response on global state · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ZUCLOPENTHIXOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE changes clinically significant response on global state ‐ as defined by each… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review