Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

237 questions · 355 findings · 28 reviews · All outcomes

No studies found 26 · 7.3%GRADE not reported 273 · 76.9%Very low 39 · 11%Low 13 · 3.7%Moderate 4 · 1.1%High 0 · 0%

Intralesional betamethasone vs placebo

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Goel 2015 (3-arm: intralesional betamethasone vs lycopene vs placebo, 90 per arm): appeared to show increased interincisal distance in both intervention groups vs placebo, but only between-group differences with no…
    1 study · 180 participants
    GRADE not reported

Tongue depressor stretches (physiotherapy) vs Intralesional steroid plus hyaluronidase injections

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether tongue depressor stretches (physiotherapy) changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with intralesional steroid plus hyaluronidase injections (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydrocortisone plus hyaluronidase (intralesional) vs Intralesional steroid plus hyaluronidase injections

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Singh 2010 (hydrocortisone+hyaluronidase 50 vs triamcinolone+hyaluronidase 50): mouth opening reported categorically (trismus) rather than as continuous data, precluding quantitative analysis; authors found no…
    1 study · 100 participants
    GRADE not reported

Antioxidant capsules vs Topical aloe vera gel

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Sudarshan 2012 (topical aloe vera 10 vs antioxidant capsules 10): reported improvement in interincisal distance but no baseline data, so change could not be determined; excluded from meta-analysis.
    1 study · 20 participants
    GRADE not reported

Pentoxifylline vs Spirulina

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Pentoxifylline may leads to lower maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with spirulina (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydrocortisone plus hyaluronidase (intralesional) vs Placebo or no active treatment

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether hydrocortisone plus hyaluronidase (intralesional) changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with placebo or no active treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intralesional triamcinolone vs Intralesional salvianolic acid B

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether intralesional triamcinolone changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with intralesional salvianolic acid B (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Rate of maxillary molar intrusion for correction of anterior open bite · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment
1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

Systemic sclerosis patients have significantly reduced mouth opening compared with controls (SMD -1.06); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Fibrin sealant vs Conventional (simple interrupted) suturing

Trismus / maximum mouth opening (mean) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal

Fibrin sealant led to higher trismus / maximum mouth opening (mean) compared with conventional suturing; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Drain use vs No drain

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal

Surgical drain (tube or gauze) led to higher maximum mouth opening (mean) compared with no drain; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary (complete) wound closure vs Secondary (partial) wound closure

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal

Primary (complete) wound closure showed no clear difference in maximum mouth opening (mean) compared with secondary (partial) wound closure; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Piezoelectric bone removal vs Conventional rotary handpiece

Trismus / maximum mouth opening (mean) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal

Piezoelectric bone removal led to higher trismus / maximum mouth opening (mean) compared with conventional rotary handpiece; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Transbuccal miniplate combined with intraoral approach vs Intraoral approach alone

Restoration of function (malocclusion; interincisor mouth opening) · Adults with fractures of the mandibular angle
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
    3 months · Angle of mandible only
    Persistent malocclusion was minimal, reported in one participant in each group at the 3-month follow-up. Mean interincisor mouth opening at 3 months 37.68 mm (range 17 to 50) combined approach vs 38.19 mm (range 22 to…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Maximum voluntary jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in maximum voluntary jaw opening (mm), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Extent of mandibular movement (maximum jaw opening, lateral and contralateral movement, jaw protrusion) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate showed no clear difference in extent of mandibular movement (maximum jaw opening, lateral and… compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
    14 days to 6 months
    None of the mean differences between interventions for the measures of jaw movements (maximum jaw opening, lateral movement to affected side, contralateral movement, jaw protrusion; Analyses 1.16-1.27) showed…
    1 study · 40 participants
    GRADE not reported

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review