Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

203 questions · 206 findings · 21 reviews

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No studies found 51 · 24.8%GRADE not reported 11 · 5.3%Very low 59 · 28.6%Low 57 · 27.7%Moderate 19 · 9.2%High 9 · 4.4%

Early paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Early paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Late paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.72, 1.01]
1 study · 55 participants
Low

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Late paracetamol showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.07, 15.76]
1 study · 55 participants
Low

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) vs ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.43, 1.36]
2 studies · 111 participants
Low

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) vs ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) vs ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (radiological… compared with ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45]
1 study · 24 participants
Low

Paracetamol vs ibuprofen

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay(by clinical… compared with ibuprofen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.8, 1.48]
8 studies · 734 participants
Moderate

Paracetamol vs ibuprofen

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitisduring initial hospital stay (by… compared with ibuprofen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.87, 1.94]
10 studies · 1015 participants
Moderate

Paracetamol vs indomethacin

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with indomethacin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.78, 1.33]
4 studies · 380 participants
Low

Paracetamol vs indomethacin

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay (by clinical… compared with indomethacin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.39, 1.92]
2 studies · 114 participants
Low

Paracetamol vs indomethacin

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm infants with PDA

Paracetamol may leads to lower necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by… compared with indomethacin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.19, 0.96]
4 studies · 384 participants
Low

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm infants with PDA

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol may leads to lower failure of PDA closure after first course (assessed by… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.27 [0.18, 0.42]
3 studies · 240 participants
Low

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants with PDA

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay (by clinical… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.24, 1.44]
3 studies · 240 participants
Low

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm infants with PDA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Adequate pain relief as reported by women · women with perineal pain following childbirth

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) may leads to higher adequate pain relief as reported by women compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.14 [1.59, 2.89]
10 studies · 1279 participants
Low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Additional pain relief · women with perineal pain following childbirth

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) may leads to lower additional pain relief compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.21, 0.55]
8 studies · 1132 participants
Low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Nausea · women with perineal pain following childbirth

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects (nausea) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.66]
1 study · 232 participants
Low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Maternal drug adverse effects (sleepiness) · women with perineal pain following childbirth

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects (sleepiness) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.18, 4.3]
1 study · 232 participants
Low