Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,667 questions · 21,760 findings · 2,177 reviews

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No studies found 4,173 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 2,300 · 10.6%Very low 5,276 · 24.2%Low 5,764 · 26.5%Moderate 3,298 · 15.2%High 949 · 4.4%

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Intervention not reported

Depression none of the studies reported on this outcome · children and adolescents aged 4 years to 18 years, with chronic musculoskeletal pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity and education about physical activity for chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Depression none of the studies reported on this outcome · children and adolescents aged 4 years to 18 years, with chronic musculoskeletal pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity and education about physical activity for chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Depression none of the studies reported on this outcome · children and adolescents aged 4 years to 18 years, with chronic musculoskeletal pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity and education about physical activity for chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ self‐selected music vs no music

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · people with CF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ self‐selected music vs no music

FVC (% predicted) Change from baseline · people with CF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs self‐selected music

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · people with CF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs self‐selected music

FVC (% predicted) Change from baseline · people with CF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

FEV1 % predicted (change from baseline) · people with CF

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes FEV1 % predicted (change from baseline) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

FVC % predicted (change from baseline) · people with CF

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes FVC % predicted (change from baseline) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs no music

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · people with CF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Motivational interventions to improve adherence to airway clearance treatment for people with CF ‐ specifically‐composed music vs no music

FVC (% predicted) Change from baseline · people with CF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Digital technology (TIM) vs standard treatment (TBM)

FEV1 (% predicted): mean change from baseline · children aged 5 to 16 years

Digital technology (TIM) showed no clear difference in FEV1 (mean change from baseline, % predicted) compared with standard treatment (TBM) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 1
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Digital technology (web‐based platform CFHealthHub) vs usual care

FEV1 % predicted · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF

Digital technology (web‐based platform CFHealthHub) showed no clear difference in FEV1: mean FEV1 % predicted at end of study compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 3.7
1 study · 556 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Levonorgestrel IUDs vs Copper IUDs

Pregnancy rate · women seeking emergency contraception

1 finding from 1 review

Progestin intrauterine devices versus copper intrauterine devices for emergency contraception 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 638 participants
Very low

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Adherence to inhaled therapies cMPR · children, adolescents or adults with CF

Summary of findings: psychological interventions probably leads to higher adherence to inhaled therapies: % of prescribed inhaled therapies… compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 9.5 [8.6, 10.4]
1 study · 588 participants
Moderate

Psychological interventions vs active comparators

FEV1 % predicted · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 125 participants
Very low

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Treatment‐related adverse events Depression PHQ‐8 (Kroenke 2009) · children, adolescents or adults with CF

Summary of findings: psychological interventions showed no clear difference in treatment‐related adverse events Depression PHQ‐8 (Kroenke 2009) compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 534 participants
Low

Psychological interventions vs usual care

FEV1 % predicted · children, adolescents or adults with CF

Summary of findings: psychological interventions showed no clear difference in lung function FEV1 % predicted compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 1.4
1 study · 556 participants
Moderate

Psychological interventions vs active comparators

Treatment‐related adverse events Depression · adults (aged 16 years and over) with CF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Donepezil vs placebo

General health and function (Severity of Illness subscale of Clinical Global Impression Scale; lower = better) · children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism

1 finding from 1 review

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low