Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,773 questions · 1,817 findings · 212 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 383 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 192 · 10.6%Very low 472 · 26%Low 444 · 24.4%Moderate 228 · 12.5%High 98 · 5.4%

Continuous pulse oximetry vs no/intermittent pulse oximetry

Changes to patient care · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21037 participants
GRADE not reported

Continuous pulse oximetry vs no/intermittent pulse oximetry

Complications · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20802 participants
GRADE not reported

Continuous pulse oximetry vs no/intermittent pulse oximetry

In‐hospital mortality · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22021 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs annual chest x‐ray

Mortality: lung cancer · Patients with lung cancer

Annual low‐dose CT screening leads to lower lung cancer mortality compared with annual chest x‐ray (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Screening for lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.7, 0.92]
1 study · 53454 participants
High

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs annual chest x‐ray

All‐cause mortality · Patients with lung cancer

Annual low‐dose CT screening showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with annual chest x‐ray (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Screening for lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.88, 1]
1 study · 53454 participants
High

Supported employment vs other vocational approaches

Employment ‐ obtained any job during the study (high=better) · adults with severe mental illness

It is very uncertain whether supported employment changes employment ‐ obtained any job during the study (high=better) compared with other vocational approaches (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.62 [2.18, 3.16]
7 studies · 951 participants
Very low

Supported employment vs other vocational approaches

Employment ‐ days in competitive employment (primary outcome) ‐ long term · adults with severe mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 204 participants
Very low

Supported employment vs other vocational approaches

Employment ‐ days in any form of paid employment ‐ long term · adults with severe mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 510 participants
Very low

Supported employment vs other vocational approaches

Employment ‐ job tenure for competitive employment (weeks) ‐ long term · adults with severe mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 204 participants
Very low

Supported employment vs other vocational approaches

Employment ‐ job tenure for any paid employment (weeks) ‐ long term · adults with severe mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 423 participants
Very low

Supported employment vs other vocational approaches

Time (days) to first competitive employment ‐ long term · adults with severe mental illness

1 finding from 1 review

Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 204 participants
Very low

Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine

Injection site pain · Patients requiring local anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 685 participants
Moderate

Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine

Personal preference · Patients requiring local anaesthesia

Plain lidocaine leads to higher preference compared with buffered lidocaine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.01 [1.19, 4.15]
8 studies · 346 participants
High

Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine

Adverse events · Patients requiring local anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 182 participants
High

Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Pain with dilationa,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 120 participants
High

Summary of findings table ‐ 80 mg lidocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain during procedure in women who also received topical cervical lidocaine spraya,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ 14 mL 1% chloroprocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · women requesting a surgical abortion at seven to 12 weeks of gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ 14 mL 1% chloroprocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain with aspirationa,b · women requesting a surgical abortion at seven to 12 weeks of gestation

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 79 participants
High

Summary of findings table ‐ 14 mL 1% chloroprocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · women requesting a surgical abortion at seven to 12 weeks of gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Ultracaine paracervical block vs placebo (normal saline) paracervical block/no paracervical block

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found