Summary of findings: punctal plugs in the upper vs lower puncta
Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extractedStudies not reportedVery low
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
1,822 questions · 1,891 findings · 321 reviews · Headline outcomes only
No studies found 279 · 14.8%GRADE not reported 46 · 2.4%Very low 524 · 27.7%Low 571 · 30.2%Moderate 330 · 17.5%High 141 · 7.5%
Vaginal PGE2 vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin
Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · women with one previous lower segment caesarean section and requiring labour induction due to prolonged pregnancy or pre‐eclampsia,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Vaginal PGE2 vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin
Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women with one previous lower segment caesarean section and requiring labour induction due to prolonged pregnancy or pre‐eclampsia,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter
Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact membranes, reactive…
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate may leads to higher vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours compared with foley catheter (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 2.63 [1.32, 5.21]1 study · 80 participantsLow
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter
Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact membranes, reactive…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter
Caesarean section · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact membranes, reactive…
It is very uncertain whether vaginal isosorbide mononitrate changes caesarean section compared with foley catheter (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1 [0.39, 2.59]1 study · 80 participantsVery low
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter
Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact membranes, reactive…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Vaginal PGE2 vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin
Caesarean section · women with one previous lower segment caesarean section and requiring labour induction due to prolonged pregnancy or pre‐eclampsia,…
Vaginal PGE2 showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with intravenous (IV) oxytocin (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.67 [0.22, 2.03]1 study · 42 participantsLow
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter
Serious maternal morbidity or death · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact membranes, reactive…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
80 mL vs Foley catheter
Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · pregnant women who previously had a lower segment CS and now have a singleton cephalic presentation after at least 36 completed weeks, not…
80 mL showed no clear difference in vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours compared with 30 mL Foley catheter (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.05 [0.91, 1.2]1 study · 154 participantsModerate
80 mL vs Foley catheter
Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · pregnant women who previously had a lower segment CS and now have a singleton cephalic presentation after at least 36 completed weeks, not…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
80 mL vs Foley catheter
Caesarean section · pregnant women who previously had a lower segment CS and now have a singleton cephalic presentation after at least 36 completed weeks, not…
80 mL showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with 30 mL Foley catheter (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.05 [0.89, 1.24]1 study · 154 participantsModerate
80 mL vs Foley catheter
Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · pregnant women who previously had a lower segment CS and now have a singleton cephalic presentation after at least 36 completed weeks, not…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
80 mL vs Foley catheter
Serious maternal morbidity or death · pregnant women who previously had a lower segment CS and now have a singleton cephalic presentation after at least 36 completed weeks, not…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Vaginal PGE2 vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin
Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · women with one previous lower segment caesarean section and requiring labour induction due to prolonged pregnancy or pre‐eclampsia,…
Vaginal PGE2 showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity/perinatal death compared with intravenous (IV) oxytocin (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 3 [0.13, 69.7]1 study · 42 participantsLow
Vaginal PGE2 vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin
Serious maternal morbidity or death · women with one previous lower segment caesarean section and requiring labour induction due to prolonged pregnancy or pre‐eclampsia,…
Vaginal PGE2 showed no clear difference in serious maternal morbidity or death compared with intravenous (IV) oxytocin (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 3 [0.13, 69.7]1 study · 42 participantsLow
Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)
All‐cause mortality · older adults with primary hypertension
Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.24 [0.99, 1.54]3 studies · 8221 participantsLow
Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)
Stroke · older adults with primary hypertension
Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in stroke compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.25 [0.94, 1.67]3 studies · 8221 participantsLow
Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)
Serious adverse events: cardiovascular events · older adults with primary hypertension
Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular serious adverse events compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.19 [0.98, 1.45]3 studies · 8221 participantsLow
Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)
Withdrawals due to adverse events · older adults with primary hypertension
Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse effects compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.83 [0.58, 1.19]2 studies · 7497 participantsLow