All pain scores during injection Due to range of pain scores used, data analysed using SMDs. Pain scores were measured during and up to 3 minutes following completion of vaccination. · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination
2 findings from 1 review
Heart rate · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
At least 50% of maximum pain relief over 4 to 6 h · adults with acute postoperative pain
The intervention probably leads to higher at least 50% of maximum pain relief over 4 to 6 h (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Participants remedicating within 4 to 6 h · adults with acute postoperative pain
The intervention may leads to lower participants remedicating within 4 to 6 h (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Participants with at least one adverse event · adults with acute postoperative pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Participants with a serious adverse event · adults with acute postoperative pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cumulative pain score from the end of operation (0 hours) to 72 hours · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Serious adverse events · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Mean pain score at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following surgery · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Time to first postoperative opioid dose · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Total postoperative opioid consumption over first 72 hours · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Percentage of participants not requiring postoperative opioids over initial 72 hours · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Health economic assessment · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Incidence of adverse events within 30 days of surgery · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Patient‐reported outcomes · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Substantial benefit: At least 50% reduction in pain, or PGIC much improved · adults with chronic neuropathic pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Moderate benefit: At least 30% reduction in pain, or PGIC much or very much improved · adults with chronic neuropathic pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Lack of efficacy withdrawal in randomised double‐blind phase · adults with chronic neuropathic pain
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse event withdrawal in randomised double‐blind phase · adults with chronic neuropathic pain
1 finding from 1 review