Intervention not reported
Viral clearance at day 7 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…
The intervention showed no clear difference in viral clearance at day 7 (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All‐cause mortality at day 28 · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§
The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at day 28 (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Worsening of clinical status: admission to hospital or death within 28 days · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§
The intervention showed no clear difference in worsening of clinical status: admission to hospital or death within… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Resolution of symptoms · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to higher symptom resolution: all initial symptoms resolved at day 14 compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (up to day 28) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (up to day 60) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in clinical status: discharged alive or hospitalised, but no longer requiring ongoing medical care (up to day 28) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical worsening: new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (at day 28) · symptomatic people with COVID‐19
Fluvoxamine plus standard care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (at day 28) compared with placebo plus standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to alignment · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Active self-ligating brackets showed no clear difference in time to alignment (days) compared with passive self-ligating brackets; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Time to alignment · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Self-ligating brackets showed no clear difference in time to alignment (days) compared with conventional brackets; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Swelling (7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…
It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes swelling (7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…
It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes pain (continuous, VAS 0-10 cm, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain (dichotomous, present/absent on 6th-7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…
It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes presence of pain (dichotomous, yes/no on 6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to alignment · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Vibrational appliance with fixed appliances showed no clear difference in time to alignment (days) compared with fixed appliances only / no vibrational appliance (control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD -3.70 [-26.29, 18.89]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Sore throat · patients with sore throat
Antibiotics probably leads to lower sore throat: day 3 compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fever · patients with sore throat
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in fever: day 3 compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Headache · patients with sore throat
Antibiotics leads to lower headache: day 3 compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Otitis media · patients with sore throat
Antibiotics leads to lower otitis media (within 14 days, clinical diagnosis) compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perioperative ipsilateral stroke (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…
1 finding from 1 review