Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…
It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)
It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes functional ability (long‐term) FIQ modified (0 to 16; higher scores… compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Recovery (long‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…
It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (long‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Recovered · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…
It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes recovery (long‐term) Number of patients who had recovered or number… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Change in long‐term disability more than 3 months after the intervention Measure:6MWT · People with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Change in long‐term impairments more than 3 months after the intervention Measures: FIS, FSS · People with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality within the longest · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention
It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes overall mortality ‐ longest compared with any comparator (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Sucking cessation (long term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
Psychological interventions (positive and negative reinforcement) led to higher sucking cessation (long term) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Sucking cessation (long term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review
Larsson 1972, comparing positive reinforcement with negative reinforcement, also provided long-term data. Again, no statistically significant between-group differences were shown (Analysis 6.2).
1 study
GRADE not reported
Back pain · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Disability long term Oswestry; 100‐point scale where 0 equals no disability and 100 is seriously disabled. · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Return to work · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain A 0 t o 100 visual or numerical scale, where 0 equals no pain at all and 100 is the worst pain imaginable · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Work long term · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Return to work · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Disability long term Various · adults with chronic low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review