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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
611 questions in 50 reviews · Injuries
current versionsNo studies 125 · 20.5%Ungraded 22 · 3.6%Very low 185 · 30.3%Low 171 · 28%Moderate 77 · 12.6%High 31 · 5.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Starches vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (at 90 days) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.9, 1.14] | 15 studies · 10415 participants | Moderate |
Albumin and fresh frozen plasma vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (within 30 days) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.93, 1.06] | 10 studies · 12506 participants | Moderate |
Albumin and fresh frozen plasma vs crystalloid Transfusion of blood products Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.95, 1.8] | 3 studies · 290 participants | Very low |
Albumin and fresh frozen plasma vs crystalloid Renal replacement therapy Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.96, 1.27] | 2 studies · 3028 participants | Low |
Albumin and fresh frozen plasma vs crystalloid Adverse events Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Starches vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (within 30 days) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.09] | 11 studies · 10135 participants | Moderate |
Starches vs crystalloid Transfusion of blood products Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [1.02, 1.39] | 8 studies · 1917 participants | Moderate |
Starches vs crystalloid Renal replacement therapy Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [1.14, 1.48] | 9 studies · 8527 participants | Moderate |
Starches vs crystalloid Adverse events Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Dextrans vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (at end of Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.11] | 19 studies · 4736 participants | Moderate |
Dextrans vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (within 90 days and within 30 days) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.87, 1.12] | 10 studies · 3353 participants | Moderate |
Dextrans vs crystalloid Transfusion of blood products Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.77, 1.1] | 3 studies · 1272 participants | Very low |
FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention vs inactive Control All‐cause mortality Up to 28 days following admission · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.71, 2.99] | 2 studies · 97 participants | Moderate |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Arterial thrombotic events Up to 30 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.02] | 1 study · 116 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Arterial thrombotic events ‐ up to 30 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 122 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Venous thrombotic events Up to 4 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Moderate |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs haemostatically active control Arterial thromboembolic events · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs haemostatically active control Arterial thromboembolic events ‐ Duration of hospital stay (whole population) · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs haemostatically active control Venous thromboembolic events · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs haemostatically active control Venous thromboembolic events Duration of hospital stay (whole population) · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
FXIII: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Arterial thromboembolic events Up to 5 to 7 weeks post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.28, 1.62] | 2 studies · 282 participants | Low |
FXIII: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Arterial thromboembolic events Up to 30 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.14, 66.53] | 1 study · 22 participants | Low |
FXIII: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Arterial thromboembolic events Post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.97] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention vs inactive Control All‐cause mortality In‐hospital mortality up to 30 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.25, 102] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
FXIII: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Venous thromboembolic events ‐ Up to 5 to 7 weeks post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.06, 14.67] | 2 studies · 282 participants | Low |
FXIII: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Venous thromboembolic events Up to 30 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.14, 66.53] | 1 study · 22 participants | Low |
FXIII: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Venous thromboembolic events Post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention vs inactive Control All‐cause mortality Up to 6 weeks post‐natally · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 294 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention vs inactive Control All‐cause mortality Up to 46 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.05, 1.01] | 2 studies · 213 participants | High |
FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention vs haemostatically active control All‐cause mortality Up to 7 days post‐operatively or hospital discharge · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Moderate |
FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention vs haemostatically active control All‐cause mortality Up to 28 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention vs haemostatically active control All‐cause mortality Up to 30 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.06, 14.3] | 1 study · 43 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Venous thromboembolic events Up to 30 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 122 participants | Low |
FIBRINOGEN: Prophylactic trials: intervention vs inactive control Arterial thrombotic events Up to 4 days post‐operatively · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Moderate |
Transfusion of RBCs of shorter vs longer storage duration Mortality: in‐hospital mortality (within 24 hours) · all conditions Transfusion of red blood cells stored for shorter versus longer duration for all conditions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.41, 7.1] | 1 study · 290 participants | Low |
Transfusion of RBCs of shorter vs longer storage duration Mortality: in‐hospital mortality (within 7 days) · all conditions Transfusion of red blood cells stored for shorter versus longer duration for all conditions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 71.34] | 1 study · 74 participants | Very low |
Transfusion of RBCs of shorter vs longer storage duration Mortality: time‐point not defined · all conditions Transfusion of red blood cells stored for shorter versus longer duration for all conditions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.25 [0.55, 9.17] | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Transfusion of RBCs of shorter vs longer storage duration Mortality: short term (up to 30 days) · all conditions Transfusion of red blood cells stored for shorter versus longer duration for all conditions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [0.46, 4.48] | 1 study · 290 participants | Low |
Transfusion of RBCs of shorter vs standard practice storage duration Mortality: in‐hospital mortality (time points varied) · all conditions Transfusion of red blood cells stored for shorter versus longer duration for all conditions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.97, 1.14] | 4 studies · 25754 participants | Moderate |
Transfusion of RBCs of shorter vs standard practice storage duration Mortality: in‐ICU mortality · all conditions Transfusion of red blood cells stored for shorter versus longer duration for all conditions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.98, 1.15] | 3 studies · 13066 participants | Moderate |
Transfusion of RBCs of shorter vs standard practice storage duration Mortality: short‐term mortality (up to 30 days) ‐ neonates · all conditions Transfusion of red blood cells stored for shorter versus longer duration for all conditions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.01, 7.02] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Transfusion of RBCs of shorter vs standard practice storage duration Mortality: short‐term mortality (up to 30 days) ‐ adults · all conditions Transfusion of red blood cells stored for shorter versus longer duration for all conditions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.96, 1.13] | 4 studies · 7510 participants | Moderate |
SDAC vs no intervention Incidence of mortality · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention alone Incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning: incidence of need for intubation · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different… First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3562 participants | Very low |
SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention alone Duration of toxic symptoms: duration of intubation (h) · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different… First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Low |
SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention alone Drug absorption: cardenolide: AUC (µg/L) × h · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different… First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention alone Incidence of hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different… First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.57 [1.22, 2.02] | 1 study · 1479 participants | Very low |
SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention alone Incidence of ICU admission · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different… First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [1.42, 3.82] | 1 study · 1479 participants | Very low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs SDAC + hospital intervention Incidence of mortality · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (carbamazepine, yellow oleander, or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.21, 1.63] | 2 studies · 3476 participants | Very low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs SDAC + hospital intervention Incidence of adverse events · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (carbamazepine, yellow oleander, or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 3.55 [1.85, 6.79] | 2 studies · 3476 participants | Low |