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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings 1: blue‐light filtering lenses vs non‐blue‐light filtering lenses CFF, measured in Hz, with a · adults Blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Summary of findings 1: blue‐light filtering lenses vs non‐blue‐light filtering lenses BCVA, measured in log units, with · adults Blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 156 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 1: blue‐light filtering lenses vs non‐blue‐light filtering lenses Proportion of eyes or individuals that developed macular structural changes · adults Blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings 1: blue‐light filtering lenses vs non‐blue‐light filtering lenses Colour discrimination, measured using the FM‐100 hue test · adults Blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings 1: blue‐light filtering lenses vs non‐blue‐light filtering lenses Subjective sleep scores, measured using a VAS or Likert scale, with · adults Blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 148 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings 1: blue‐light filtering lenses vs non‐blue‐light filtering lenses Proportion of participants with adverse events with a probable causal linked with the study intervention · adults Blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 333 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Progression of DRa · people with type 2 diabetes Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.6, 1.25] | 1 study · 1012 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Incidence of overt retinopathya,b · people with type 2 diabetes Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.76, 1.09] | 2 studies · 1580 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Incidence of a reduction in visual acuity of 10 ETDR letters or more · people with type 2 diabetes Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of PDR · people with type 2 diabetes Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of DMOa · people with type 2 diabetes Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.12, 1.24] | 1 study · 850 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mean vision‐related quality of life · people with type 2 diabetes Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR SAEa · people with type 2 diabetes Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [1.05, 2.27] | 2 studies · 15226 participants | High |
Intervention NR High‐dose atropine (≥ 0.5%) · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 512 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Undercorrected single vision spectacles · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 72 participants | Low |
Intervention NR High‐dose atropine (≥ 0.5%) · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 428 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Moderate‐dose atropine (0.1% to < 0.5%) · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 247 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Low‐dose atropine (< 0.1%) · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 249 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pirenzepine · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Multifocal soft contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 540 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Rigid gas‐permeable contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 154 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Peripheral plus spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 188 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Multifocal spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 696 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Undercorrected single vision spectacles · children with progressive myopia (26 studies, 4949 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 122 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Moderate‐dose atropine (0.1% to < 0.5%) · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 254 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR High‐dose atropine (≥ 0.5%) · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 512 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Moderate‐dose atropine (0.1% to < 0.5%) · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 155 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Low‐dose atropine (< 0.1%) · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 497 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pirenzepine · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 210 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR 7‐methylxanthine · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Orthokeratology · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 402 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Multifocal soft contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 712 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Rigid gas‐permeable contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 176 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Peripheral plus spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 340 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Multifocal spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 445 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Low‐dose atropine (< 0.1%) · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 497 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Undercorrected single vision spectacles · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Intervention NR High‐dose atropine (≥ 0.5%) · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 428 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Moderate‐dose atropine (0.1% to < 0.5%) · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 144 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Low‐dose atropine (< 0.1%) · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 249 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Orthokeratology · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 49 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Multifocal soft contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 540 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Rigid gas‐permeable contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 154 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Peripheral plus spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 188 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Multifocal spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 404 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Undercorrected single vision spectacles · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 122 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pirenzepine · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 210 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR 7‐methyxanthine · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Multifocal soft contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 712 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Rigid gas‐permeable contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and… Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 178 participants | Very low |