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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Healthcare utilisation · People entitled to the drug insurance scheme (elderly and/or poor population) Pharmaceutical policies: effects of regulating drug insurance schemes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Health outcomes · People entitled to the drug insurance scheme (elderly and/or poor population) Pharmaceutical policies: effects of regulating drug insurance schemes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment vs usual care Death Median · older people at risk of poor health outcomes Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for community‐dwelling, high‐risk, frail, older people (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.76, 1.02] | 18 studies · 7151 participants | Moderate |
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment vs usual care Nursing home admission Median · older people at risk of poor health outcomes Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for community‐dwelling, high‐risk, frail, older people (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.76, 1.14] | 13 studies · 4206 participants | High |
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment vs usual care Unplanned hospital admission Median · older people at risk of poor health outcomes Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for community‐dwelling, high‐risk, frail, older people (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.7, 0.99] | 6 studies · 1716 participants | Low |
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment vs usual care Emergency department visits Median · older people at risk of poor health outcomes Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for community‐dwelling, high‐risk, frail, older people (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.26, 1.59] | 3 studies · 873 participants | Very low |
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment vs usual care Serious adverse events (falls) Median · older people at risk of poor health outcomes Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for community‐dwelling, high‐risk, frail, older people (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.58, 1.17] | 2 studies · 1380 participants | Very low |
Whole‐facility changes: Home‐like models vs traditional environment Health‐related quality of life Dementia‐specific quality of life measure (QUALIDEM) (higher scores = better) · older adults living in long‐term residential care including, but not limited to, dementia‐specific care settings Physical environmental designs in residential care to improve quality of life of older people (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 33 participants | Very low |
Whole‐facility changes: Home‐like models vs traditional environment Global behaviour Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Nursing Home version (NPI‐NH) and Nurses Observations Scale for Geriatric Patients (NOSGER) (lower scores = better) · older adults living in long‐term residential care including, but not limited to, dementia‐specific care settings Physical environmental designs in residential care to improve quality of life of older people (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 257 participants | Very low |
Whole‐facility changes: Home‐like models vs traditional environment Depression Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist (RMBPC) and Mood Scale Score (MSS) (lower scores = better) · older adults living in long‐term residential care including, but not limited to, dementia‐specific care settings Physical environmental designs in residential care to improve quality of life of older people (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 406 participants | Very low |
Whole‐facility changes: Home‐like models vs traditional environment Function Activities of daily living (ADL) long‐form scale (lower scores = better), Interview for the Deterioration of Daily Living activities in Dementia (IDDD) (lower scores = better) Or Barthel Index (higher scores = better) · older adults living in long‐term residential care including, but not limited to, dementia‐specific care settings Physical environmental designs in residential care to improve quality of life of older people (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 499 participants | Very low |
Whole‐facility changes: Home‐like models vs traditional environment Serious adverse effects Physical restraints, reported as percentage points (lower = better) · older adults living in long‐term residential care including, but not limited to, dementia‐specific care settings Physical environmental designs in residential care to improve quality of life of older people (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74449 participants | Very low |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Professional practice · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Staff absence · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Leadership · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 955 participants | Moderate |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Team performance · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 164 participants | Low |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Clinical performance · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Health care outcomes · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Inpatient mortality · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Staff well‐being · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Work‐related stress  · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 164 participants | Low |
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership Unintended consequences · healthcare professionals Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention Compliance with desired practice (Yes/No ‐ dichotomous outcomes · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2. Educational meetings alone vs other interventions Mean · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1402 participants | Low |
Comparison 2. Educational meetings alone vs other interventions Compliance with desired practice (measured on a continuous scale) · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2. Educational meetings alone vs other interventions Patient outcomes · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Compliance with desired practice (Yes/No ‐ dichotomous outcomes) · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Median · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 370 participants | Very low |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Mean · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 370 participants | Very low |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Compliance with desired practice (measured on a continuous scale) · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Median and mean · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 192 participants | Very low |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Patient outcomes · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Dichotomous · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention Median · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 65 studies · 7868 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Continuous · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 3. Interactive educational meetings vs didactic (lecture‐based) educational meetings Improvement in patients' low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (median and meanf)Â · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Compliance with desired practice (Yes/No ‐ dichotomous outcomes) · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Median and mean · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Compliance with desired practice (measured on a continuous scale) · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient outcomes · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Dichotomous · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Continuous · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Median and mean (patients' self‐reported distress score ) · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 113 participants | Very low |
Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention Mean · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 65 studies · 7868 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention Compliance with desired practice (measured on a continuous scale) · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention Patient outcomes · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention Dichotomous · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 1. Educational meetings as a single intervention or as the main component of a multi‐faceted intervention vs no intervention Continuous · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2. Educational meetings alone vs other interventions Compliance with desired practice (Yes/No ‐ dichotomous outcomes) · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2. Educational meetings alone vs other interventions Median · health personnel Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1402 participants | Low |