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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

current versions

No studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Admission avoidance hospital at home vs inpatient admission Mortality (6 months' · older people requiring hospital admission Admission avoidance hospital at home (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.88 [0.68, 1.13]	5 studies · 1502 participants	Moderate
Admission avoidance hospital at home vs inpatient admission Admission to hospital (3 to 12 months' · older people requiring hospital admission Admission avoidance hospital at home (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.14	8 studies · 1757 participants	Moderate
Admission avoidance hospital at home vs inpatient admission Living in residential care at · older people requiring hospital admission Admission avoidance hospital at home (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.53 [0.41, 0.69]	4 studies · 1271 participants	Moderate
Admission avoidance hospital at home vs inpatient admission Patient self‐reported health status · older people requiring hospital admission Admission avoidance hospital at home (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 2006 participants	Moderate
Admission avoidance hospital at home vs inpatient admission Patient satisfaction · older people requiring hospital admission Admission avoidance hospital at home (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	8 studies · 1812 participants	Low
Admission avoidance hospital at home vs inpatient admission Length of stay in hospital and hospital at home · older people requiring hospital admission Admission avoidance hospital at home (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	11 studies · 2036 participants	Low
Admission avoidance hospital at home vs inpatient admission Cost and resource use · older people requiring hospital admission Admission avoidance hospital at home (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	12 studies · 2148 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care Child health, functioning, and quality of life Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) · children with medical complexity Comprehensive care programmes for children with medical complexity (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 701 participants	Low
Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care Parent health, functioning, and quality of life Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (higher scores = more of the outcome of interest, which can mean improvement or deterioration depending on the outcome) · children with medical complexity Comprehensive care programmes for children with medical complexity (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 207 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care Child and family satisfaction with, and perceptions of, care and service delivery Family Experiences With Coordination of Care (FECC) survey (higher scores = better) Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) (higher scores = ... · children with medical complexity Comprehensive care programmes for children with medical complexity (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 701 participants	Low
Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care Number of healthcare encounters: ED visits ( · children with medical complexity Comprehensive care programmes for children with medical complexity (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 739 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care Number of hospitalised days (hospital admissions) ( · children with medical complexity Comprehensive care programmes for children with medical complexity (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 739 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care Costs to the healthcare system ( · children with medical complexity Comprehensive care programmes for children with medical complexity (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 739 participants	Low
Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care Costs to the family · children with medical complexity Comprehensive care programmes for children with medical complexity (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: Any alternative model of care vs usual care Emergency department (ED) visits: proportion of residents with at least one ED visit at longest · residents of aged care facilities Models for delivery and co‐ordination of primary or secondary health care (or both) to older adults living… (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.84, 1.2]	7 studies · 1276 participants	Low
Summary of findings: Any alternative model of care vs usual care Unplanned hospital admissions: proportion of residents with at least one unplanned hospital admission at longest · residents of aged care facilities Models for delivery and co‐ordination of primary or secondary health care (or both) to older adults living… (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.74 [0.56, 0.99]	8 studies · 1263 participants	Low
Summary of findings: Any alternative model of care vs usual care Adverse events/falls: proportion of residents with a fall at longest · residents of aged care facilities Models for delivery and co‐ordination of primary or secondary health care (or both) to older adults living… (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.15 [0.83, 1.6]	3 studies · 1061 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: Any alternative model of care vs usual care Adherence to clinical guideline‐recommended care: proportion of residents with adequate antidepressant therapy at longest · residents of aged care facilities Models for delivery and co‐ordination of primary or secondary health care (or both) to older adults living… (2024) · Cochrane	RR 5.29 [1.08, 26]	1 study · 65 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: Any alternative model of care vs usual care Health‐related quality of life (mean difference) at longest · residents of aged care facilities Models for delivery and co‐ordination of primary or secondary health care (or both) to older adults living… (2024) · Cochrane	MD 0.016	12 studies · 4016 participants	Low
Summary of findings: Any alternative model of care vs usual care Mortality: proportion of residents who died at longest · residents of aged care facilities Models for delivery and co‐ordination of primary or secondary health care (or both) to older adults living… (2024) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.92, 1.16]	24 studies · 3881 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: Any alternative model of care vs usual care Resource use: cost‐effectiveness evaluations (6 to 21 months) · residents of aged care facilities Models for delivery and co‐ordination of primary or secondary health care (or both) to older adults living… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 2341 participants	Very low
Health education vs routine care Proportion of children who received DTP3/Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.36 [1.15, 1.62]	6 studies · 4375 participants	Low
Health education vs routine care Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Engagement of community leaders vs routine care Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.96 [1.61, 2.39]	1 study · 1227 participants	Moderate
Engagement of community leaders vs routine care Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Engagement of community leaders vs routine care Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Engagement of community leaders vs routine care Cost of the intervention · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Engagement of community leaders vs routine care Adverse events · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Health education vs routine care Cost of the intervention ‐ reported narratively in 2 studies · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Health education vs routine care Adverse events · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Monetary incentives vs routine care Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Monetary incentives vs routine care Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Monetary incentives vs routine care Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.99, 1.01]	1 study · 2175 participants	Very low
Monetary incentives vs routine care Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles/MMR) ‐ household monetary incentivef · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.06 [0.93, 1.21]	2 studies · 2709 participants	Very low
Monetary incentives vs routine care Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐ service‐level monetary incentiveg · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.06 [0.95, 1.18]	1 study · 615 participants	Very low
Monetary incentives vs routine care Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐ household + service‐level monetary incentive · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.09 [0.96, 1.14]	1 study · 456 participants	Very low
Monetary incentives vs routine care Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [0.92, 1.2]	2 studies · 1000 participants	Very low
Health education vs routine care Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Monetary incentives vs routine care Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Monetary incentives vs routine care Cost of the intervention · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Monetary incentives vs routine care Adverse events · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs routine care Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 ‐ HBRf only · children aged 1 year Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.36 [1.06, 1.75]	3 studies · 4019 participants	Low
Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs routine care Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 ‐ HBR + health educationg · children aged 1 year Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.49 [1.22, 1.82]	2 studies · 1502 participants	Low
Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs routine care Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 ‐ HBR + stickerh · children aged 1 year Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.46 [1.02, 2.09]	1 study · 2182 participants	Low
Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs routine care Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age · children aged 1 year Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs routine care Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study · children aged 1 year Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs routine care Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children aged 1 year Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs routine care Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children aged 1 year Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Health education vs routine care Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) · children under 5 years of age Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.99 [0.96, 1.01]	2 studies · 1557 participants	Moderate
Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs routine care Cost of the intervention presented narratively in 2 studies · children aged 1 year Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies