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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
759 questions in 57 reviews · Colorectal
current versionsNo studies 91 · 12%Ungraded 12 · 1.6%Very low 209 · 27.5%Low 229 · 30.2%Moderate 160 · 21.1%High 58 · 7.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo DSSI · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.26, 1.65] | 12 studies · 4185 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo DSSI ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.11, 4.13] | 3 studies · 1488 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo DSSI ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.22, 1.89] | 9 studies · 2697 participants | Low |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral herniorrhaphy… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.28, 1.41] | 4 studies · 1302 participants | Very low |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral herniorrhaphy… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.58, 1.68] | 1 study · 563 participants | Very low |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.48, 0.78] | 22 studies · 6443 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.44, 1.14] | 9 studies · 3100 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.43, 0.77] | 13 studies · 3343 participants | Very low |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo SSSI · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.46, 0.78] | 21 studies · 6263 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo SSSI ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.44, 1.17] | 9 studies · 3100 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo SSSI ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.41, 0.77] | 12 studies · 3163 participants | Very low |
Physical activity vs usual care Physical function · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 185 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs usual care Disease‐related mental health: depression · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 198 participants | Moderate |
Physical activity vs usual care Disease‐related mental health: anxiety · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 198 participants | Moderate |
Physical activity vs usual care Overall survival (time interval between enrolment in the study and death of the person from any cause) · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical activity vs usual care Recurrence‐free survival (time interval between date of enrolment in the study and the date when colorectal cancer recurs or another cancer occurs during the · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical activity vs usual care Adverse events · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 305 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs usual care Physical fitness: aerobic fitness · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 295 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs usual care Cancer‐related fatigue · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 230 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs usual care Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both Physical activity interventions for disease‐related physical and mental health during and following… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 230 participants | Moderate |
Intensive follow‐up vs less intensive follow‐up Overall survival Follow‐up strategies for patients treated for non‐metastatic colorectal cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.91 [0.8, 1.04] | 15 studies · 12528 participants | High |
Intensive follow‐up vs less intensive follow‐up Colorectal cancer‐specific survival Follow‐up strategies for patients treated for non‐metastatic colorectal cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.93 [0.81, 1.07] | 11 studies · 11771 participants | Moderate |
Intensive follow‐up vs less intensive follow‐up Relapse‐free survival Follow‐up strategies for patients treated for non‐metastatic colorectal cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.05 [0.92, 1.21] | 16 studies · 8047 participants | High |
Intensive follow‐up vs less intensive follow‐up Salvage surgery (surgery at relapse with curative intent) Follow‐up strategies for patients treated for non‐metastatic colorectal cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.98 [1.53, 2.56] | 13 studies · 5157 participants | High |
Intensive follow‐up vs less intensive follow‐up Interval recurrences (recurrence CRC diagnosed between scheduled Follow‐up strategies for patients treated for non‐metastatic colorectal cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.41, 0.86] | 7 studies · 3933 participants | Moderate |
Intensive follow‐up vs less intensive follow‐up Harms Colonoscopy complications ‐ bowel perforation Follow‐up strategies for patients treated for non‐metastatic colorectal cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 6.83 [0.36, 131.21] | 1 study · 326 participants | Very low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Length of hospital stay (days) · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 1346 participants | Low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Quality of Life · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Subgroup 1: Length of hospital stay (days) distal to ligament of Treitz · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 1156 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Subgroup 2: Length of hospital stay (days) distal and proximal to ligament of Treitz · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 190 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Subgroup 3: Length of hospital stay (days) oral feeding only · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1075 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Subgroup 4: Length of hospital stay (days) tube feeding with/without oral feeding · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 271 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Sensitivity analysis 2: Removing studies with imputed results · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 396 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Senstivity analysis 3: Worst case scenario imputation · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 235 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Senstivity analysis 4: Best case scenario imputation · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 235 participants | Low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Wound infection · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.64, 1.52] | 12 studies · 1181 participants | Very low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Intraabdominal abscess · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.26, 3.8] | 6 studies · 554 participants | Low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Anastomotic leakage/dehiscence · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.38, 1.61] | 13 studies · 1232 participants | Low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Pneumonia (within hospital stay) · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.32, 2.42] | 10 studies · 954 participants | Low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Mortality · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.21, 1.52] | 12 studies · 1179 participants | Low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Vomiting · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.96, 1.58] | 7 studies · 613 participants | Low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Nausea · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.71, 1.26] | 2 studies · 118 participants | Low |
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement Nausea and vomiting · lower gastrointestinal surgery Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.6, 1.41] | 4 studies · 238 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All VTE · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.26, 0.54] | 7 studies · 1728 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All DVT (sensitivity analysis unpublished) · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.27, 0.58] | 6 studies · 1620 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All DVT · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.39 [0.27, 0.55] | 7 studies · 1728 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Proximal DVT · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.22 [0.1, 0.47] | 7 studies · 1728 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Symptomatic VTE · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0 [0.08, 1.11] | 7 studies · 1728 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Bleeding complications · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.1 [0.67, 1.81] | 7 studies · 2239 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.15 [0.72, 1.84] | 7 studies · 1881 participants | Moderate |