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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
767 questions in 53 reviews · Back and Neck
current versionsNo studies 149 · 19.4%Ungraded 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Intermediate · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 348 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) Intermediate · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 588 participants | High |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Long‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 279 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 68 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) Intermediate · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Intermediate · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) Long‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 643 participants | High |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 794 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Intermediate · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 588 participants | High |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Long‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 570 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 282 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) Intermediate · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 485 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events None of the included studies evaluated adverse events · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) · patients with acute LBP Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Disability Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (transformed 0 to 100) · patients with acute LBP Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Recurrence · patients with acute LBP Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.18, 0.72] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events None of the included studies evaluated adverse events · patients with acute LBP Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Disability Oswestry Disability Index (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Disability Oswestry Disability Index (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events None of the included studies evaluated adverse events · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 89 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain VAS (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales (transformed 0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Disability Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (transformed 0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Disability Oswestry Disability Index (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 83 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in pain intensity from baseline 100 mm VAS · people with chronic low back pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1354 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in disability from baseline RDQ 0 to 24 · people with chronic low back pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1161 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Proportion of participants experiencing adverse events · people with chronic low back pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.92, 1.17] | 6 studies · 1354 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Sensitivity analysis: change in pain intensity from baseline 100 mm VAS · people with chronic low back pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 728 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Sensitivity analysis: change in disability from baseline RDQ 0 to 24 · people with chronic low back pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 654 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Sensitivity analysis: proportion of participants experiencing adverse events. · people with chronic low back pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.81, 1.07] | 3 studies · 728 participants | Moderate |
Paracetamol vs placebo Pain 1 week (immediate term) (NRS 0 to 100) · People with acute low back pain Paracetamol for low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1520 participants | High |
Paracetamol vs placebo Pain 12 weeks (short term) (NRS 0 to 100) · People with acute low back pain Paracetamol for low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1526 participants | High |
Paracetamol vs placebo Disability 1 week (immediate term) (RMDQ 0 to 24) · People with acute low back pain Paracetamol for low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1511 participants | High |
Paracetamol vs placebo Disability 12 weeks (short term) (RMDQ 0 to 24) · People with acute low back pain Paracetamol for low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1522 participants | High |
Paracetamol vs placebo Any adverse events Up to 12 weeks' · People with acute low back pain Paracetamol for low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.86, 1.33] | 1 study · 1624 participants | High |
Paracetamol vs placebo Serious adverse events Up to 12 weeks' · People with acute low back pain Paracetamol for low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.3, 2.67] | 1 study · 1643 participants | Moderate |
NSAIDs vs placebo Change in pain intensity from baseline on VAS (0 to 100) short‐term · people with low back pain with sciatica Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 918 participants | Very low |
NSAIDs vs placebo Change in disability from baseline to · people with low back pain with sciatica Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 214 participants | Very low |
NSAIDs vs placebo Global Improvement short‐term · people with low back pain with sciatica Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 | 3 studies · 753 participants | Low |
NSAIDs vs placebo Side effects short‐term · people with low back pain with sciatica Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 | 4 studies · 967 participants | Low |
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs FUSION Pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (VAS, NRS) · patients with lumbar spinal stenosis Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 380 participants | Very low |
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS Reoperations Number of patients requiring a revision surgery · patients with lumbar spinal stenosis Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis (2016) · Cochrane | Risk ratio 0.25 [0.14, 0.47] | 3 studies · 326 participants | High |
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS Pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (VAS, NRS) · patients with lumbar spinal stenosis Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis (2016) · Cochrane | Mean difference 5.35 | 2 studies · 308 participants | Low |
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS Disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RMDQ, ODI, JOA) · patients with lumbar spinal stenosis Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis (2016) · Cochrane | Mean difference 5.72 [1.28, 10.15] | 2 studies · 308 participants | Low |