What do systematic reviews say?

Short‐acting inhaled muscarinic antagonists vs placebo

• Short‐acting inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 27 participants
  Very low

Short‐acting inhaled muscarinic antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Short‐acting inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Short‐acting inhaled muscarinic antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Short‐acting inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Short‐acting inhaled muscarinic antagonists vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether short‐acting inhaled muscarinic antagonists changes change from baseline in FEV1 (% predicted) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Short‐acting inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 11 participants
  Very low

Short‐acting inhaled muscarinic antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Short‐acting inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Short interval vs long interval

Short interval may leads to lower pregnancy rate per couple ‐ 24 hours versus 34 to 36 hours compared with long interval (low certainty).

• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.55 [0.31, 0.98]
  2 studies · 234 participants
  Low
• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.44 [0.1, 1.92]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low
• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.58 [0.14, 2.48]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low

Short interval vs long interval

It is very uncertain whether short interval changes miscarriage rate per pregnancy ‐ 24 hours versus 34 to 36 hours compared with long interval (very low certainty).

• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.58 [0.35, 7.16]
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Very low
• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4 [0.27, 58.56]
  1 study · 15 participants
  Very low
• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.33 [0.07, 25.91]
  1 study · 16 participants
  Very low

Short interval vs long interval

Short interval showed no clear difference in live birth rate per couple ‐ 24 hours versus 34 to 36 hours compared with long interval (low certainty).

• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.52 [0.27, 1]
  1 study · 204 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic and short‐acting beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

Anticholinergic and short‐acting beta2‐agonists leads to lower primary outcome: hospital admissions hospital admissions compared with beta2‐agonists alone (all protocols) (high certainty).

• Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta₂‐agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.63, 0.85]
  19 studies · 2497 participants
  High

More and shorter vs hollow fibre filter of the same membrane type

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 6 participants
  Low

More and shorter vs hollow fibre filter of the same membrane type

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

More and shorter vs hollow fibre filter of the same membrane type

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

More and shorter vs hollow fibre filter of the same membrane type

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Food: Shorter, wider vs taller, narrower glasses or plastic bottles (shape)

• Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  50 participants
  Very low

Food: Shorter, wider vs taller, narrower glasses or plastic bottles (shape)

• Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  50 participants
  Very low

Food: Shorter, wider vs taller, narrower glasses or plastic bottles (shape)

• Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Food: Shorter, wider vs taller, narrower glasses or plastic bottles (shape)

• Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  232 participants
  Low

Food: Shorter, wider vs taller, narrower glasses or plastic bottles (shape)

• Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  96 participants
  Low

Food: Shorter, wider vs taller, narrower glasses or plastic bottles (shape)

• Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  136 participants
  Low

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

• Inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta₂‐agonists versus short‐acting beta2‐agonists alone for children with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 269 participants
  Moderate