Adequate pain relief as reported by women · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
NSAID may leads to higher adequate pain relief(4 hours after administration) compared with placebo (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Need for additional analgesia (4 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
It is very uncertain whether NSAID (single administration, any dose) changes need for additional analgesia (4 hours after administration) compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for additional analgesia (6 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
NSAID (single administration, any dose) may leads to lower need for additional analgesia (6 hours after administration) compared with paracetamol (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal drug adverse effects number of women experiencing adverse effects · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal drug adverse effects (6 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
It is very uncertain whether NSAID (single administration, any dose) changes maternal drug adverse effects (6 hours after administration) compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal drug adverse effects ‐ not reported · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Need for additional analgesia (4 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
NSAID probably leads to lower need for additional analgesia(4 hours after administration) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for additional analgesia (6 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes need for additional analgesia (6 hours after administration) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal drug adverse effects(4 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal drug adverse effects (6 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
NSAID showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects(6 hours after administration) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal drug adverse effects · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Relief of pain · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
NSAID (single administration, any dose) may leads to higher adequate pain relief (4 hours after administration) compared with paracetamol (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Maternal views and experiences of treatment ‐ Psychospiritual comfort within 6 hours of giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal views and experiences of treatment ‐ Sociocultural comfort · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Satisfied with treatment · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth
It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Satisfied with… compared with placebo (water pack) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would repeat treatment in future childbirth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth
It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would repeat… compared with placebo (water pack) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would recommend treatment · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth
It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would recommend… compared with placebo (water pack) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Opinion on treatment effects (good + very good + excellent) Day 5 · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth
It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Opinion on treatment… compared with cooling treatment (cold gel pad) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
Aspirin may leads to higher adequate pain relief as reported by the woman (4 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review