Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

163 questions · 169 findings · 42 reviews

No studies found 29 · 17.2%GRADE not reported 8 · 4.7%Very low 29 · 17.2%Low 45 · 26.6%Moderate 52 · 30.8%High 6 · 3.6%

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo

Adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether topical (intranasal) steroids changes adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal steroid spray vs no treatment

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether topical (intranasal) steroids changes presence/persistence of OME (short‐term); assumed ICC = 0.5 compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants requiring oral corticosteroids over the study period · Adults from minority groups with doctor diagnosed asthma

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants requiring oral corticosteroids over the study… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 7.3‐month · people with asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 7.3‐month (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids3 months · adults or children with asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids3 months (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent ICS vs placebo

Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids ‐ School‐age children · School‐aged children and adults

Intermittent ICS showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids ‐ School‐age children compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Asthma exacerbation as defined by hospital admission or treatment with a course of oral corticosteroids · participants with asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Asthma exacerbation as defined by hospital admission or treatment with a course of oral corticosteroids · participants with exercise‐induced asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review