Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

107 questions · 114 findings · 15 reviews

No studies found 7 · 6.1%GRADE not reported 18 · 15.8%Very low 24 · 21.1%Low 42 · 36.8%Moderate 13 · 11.4%High 10 · 8.8%

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Cytisine showed no clear difference in smoking abstinence at longest compared with varenicline (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.79, 1.26]
2 studies · 2131 participants
Low

Smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus gum · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus gum (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus inhaler · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus inhaler (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation ‐ gum versus inhaler · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ gum versus inhaler (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Overall serious adverse events · people who smoke

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Treatment withdrawals · people who smoke

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Smoking cessation at 6+ months · people who smoke cigarettes

The intervention leads to higher smoking cessation at 6+ months (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [1.49, 1.61]
133 studies · 64640 participants
High