What do systematic reviews say?

Gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens

Gonadotropins showed no clear difference in ectopic pregnancy rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.64 [0.67, 3.98]
  2 studies · 1339 participants
  Low

Aromatase inhibitors vs anti‐oestrogens

Aromatase inhibitors showed no clear difference in live birth rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.75 [0.51, 1.11]
  1 study · 599 participants
  Low

Aromatase inhibitors vs anti‐oestrogens

Aromatase inhibitors showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.28 [0.61, 2.68]
  4 studies · 1000 participants
  Low

Aromatase inhibitors vs anti‐oestrogens

Aromatase inhibitors showed no clear difference in clinical pregnancy rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.21 [0.75, 1.94]
  8 studies · 1160 participants
  Low

Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation

It is very uncertain whether gradient technique changes clinical pregnancy rate per couple compared with wash and centrifugation (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.78 [0.58, 5.46]
  2 studies · 94 participants
  Very low

Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation

It is very uncertain whether gradient technique changes multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with wash and centrifugation (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.83]
  1 study · 31 participants
  Very low

Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation

It is very uncertain whether gradient technique changes miscarriage rate per couple compared with wash and centrifugation (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 6.11 [0.27, 138.45]
  1 study · 31 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique

It is very uncertain whether swim‐up technique changes clinical pregnancy rate per couple compared with gradient technique (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.83 [0.51, 1.35]
  4 studies · 370 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique

It is very uncertain whether swim‐up technique changes ongoing pregnancy rate per couple compared with gradient technique (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.39 [0.19, 0.82]
  1 study · 223 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 25 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique

It is very uncertain whether swim‐up technique changes miscarriage rate per couple compared with gradient technique (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.85 [0.28, 2.59]
  3 studies · 330 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation

It is very uncertain whether swim‐up technique changes clinical pregnancy rate per couple compared with wash and centrifugation (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.41 [0.15, 1.13]
  2 studies · 78 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation

It is very uncertain whether swim‐up technique changes multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with wash and centrifugation (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.49 [0.02, 13.28]
  1 study · 26 participants
  Very low

hCG vs LH surge

It is very uncertain whether hCG changes live birth rate per couple compared with LH surge (very low certainty).

• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.06, 18.08]
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low