Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

123 questions · 135 findings · 11 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 23 · 17%GRADE not reported 9 · 6.7%Very low 50 · 37%Low 41 · 30.4%Moderate 9 · 6.7%High 3 · 2.2%

Antihistamines vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether antihistamines changes nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Opioid antagonists vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting
2 findings from 1 review

Ginger vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether ginger changes nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Paracervical vs intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia

Providers' satisfaction with the procedure · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta

It is very uncertain whether paracervical block changes providers' satisfaction with the procedure compared with intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracervical vs intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia

Women's satisfaction with the procedure · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta

It is very uncertain whether paracervical block changes women's satisfaction with the procedure compared with intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs high‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general anaesthetic as a result of failure to establish adequate initial blockade · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general… compared with high‐dose spinal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs high‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at any time after CSE or spinal anaesthetic insertion · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether combined spinal‐epidural changes number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at… compared with high‐dose spinal (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs low‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general anaesthetic as a result of failure to establish adequate initial blockade · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general… compared with low‐dose spinal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs low‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at any time after CSE or spinal anaesthetic insertion · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at… compared with low‐dose spinal (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy vs no treatment

Incidence of positive Kleihauer test (at 32 to 35 weeks' gestation) · Rh‐negative women without anti‐D antibodies

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy may leads to lower incidence of positive Kleihauer test (at 32 to 35 weeks' gestation) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review