Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

166 questions · 167 findings · 14 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 34 · 20.4%GRADE not reported 31 · 18.6%Very low 63 · 37.7%Low 30 · 18%Moderate 9 · 5.4%High 0 · 0%

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE showed no clear difference in satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Long‐term (events) compared with supportive therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention

Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) compared with non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment

Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ > 1 year · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics showed no clear difference in global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with no specific treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs no specific treatment

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with no specific treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review