Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

JAK inhibitors plus standard of care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality (up to day 28) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

1 finding from 1 review

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 11145 participants
Moderate

JAK inhibitors plus standard of care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality (up to day 60) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

1 finding from 1 review

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1626 participants
High

JAK inhibitors plus standard of care vs placebo or usual care

Improvement in clinical status: discharged alive or hospitalised, but no longer requiring ongoing medical care (up to day 28) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

1 finding from 1 review

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 10802 participants
Moderate

JAK inhibitors plus standard of care vs placebo or usual care

Clinical worsening: new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

1 finding from 1 review

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 9417 participants
Moderate

Fluvoxamine plus standard care vs placebo + standard care

All‐cause mortality (at day 28) · symptomatic people with COVID‐19

Fluvoxamine plus standard care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (at day 28) compared with placebo plus standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluvoxamine for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.38, 1.27]
2 studies · 1649 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs control

Otitis media · patients with sore throat

Antibiotics leads to lower otitis media (within 14 days, clinical diagnosis) compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.21 [0.11, 0.4]
10 studies · 3646 participants
High

Main comparison of synthetic patch vs vein patch angioplasty

Perioperative ipsilateral stroke (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 590 participants
Very low

Main comparison of Dacron patch vs other synthetic patch angioplasty

Perioperative death from all causes (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 400 participants
Very low

Main comparison of bovine pericardium patch vs other synthetic patch angioplasty

Perioperative ipsilateral stroke (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Main comparison of bovine pericardium patch vs other synthetic patch angioplasty

Perioperative combined stroke and TIA (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 195 participants
Low

Main comparison of bovine pericardium patch vs other synthetic patch angioplasty

Perioperative death from all causes (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 195 participants
Low

Main comparison of synthetic patch vs vein patch angioplasty

Perioperative combined stroke and TIA (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Main comparison of synthetic patch vs vein patch angioplasty

Perioperative death from all causes (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 609 participants
Very low

Main comparison of Dacron patch vs other synthetic patch angioplasty

Perioperative ipsilateral stroke (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 400 participants
Very low

Main comparison of Dacron patch vs other synthetic patch angioplasty

Perioperative combined stroke and TIA (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

1 finding from 1 review

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 200 participants
Low

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Any stroke within 30 days of operation (primary outcome) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
0.91 [0.66, 1.26]
13 studies · 4663 participants
Moderate

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Death within 30 days of operation · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Local anaesthesia showed no clear difference in death within 30 days of operation compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.61 [0.35, 1.06]
12 studies · 4421 participants
Low

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Perioperative ipsilateral stroke (< 30 days) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Local anaesthesia showed no clear difference in ipsilateral stroke within 30 days of operation compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.03 [0.71, 1.48]
2 studies · 3733 participants
Low

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Perioperative death and strokes · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Local anaesthesia showed no clear difference in stroke or death within 30 days of operation compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.85 [0.62, 1.16]
11 studies · 4391 participants
Moderate

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Local anaesthesia showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction within 30 days of operation compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.53 [0.67, 3.47]
12 studies · 4567 participants
Low