Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,815 questions · 6,211 findings · 638 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1,052 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 441 · 7.1%Very low 1,700 · 27.4%Low 1,651 · 26.6%Moderate 1,070 · 17.2%High 297 · 4.8%

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Spectacle correction vs no spectacles

Proportion of children without refractive error in the emmetropization range at 3 years · infants or children with hyperopia

It is very uncertain whether spectacle correction changes proportion of children without refractive error in the… compared with no spectacles (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution vs control (no preparation or saline preparation)

Post‐cesarean endometritis · pregnant women undergoing caesarean section

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution probably leads to lower post‐cesarean endometritis compared with control (no preparation or saline preparation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution vs control (no preparation or saline preparation)

Composite wound complication or endometritis · pregnant women undergoing caesarean section

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution may leads to lower composite wound complication or endometritis compared with control (no preparation or saline preparation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps Sometimes · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) Measured using temperature‐adjusted g/m²/h with the Tewameter TM 300 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) Hahnel 2017: measured at 56 ± 4 days Shishido 2017: measured 15 minutes after wiping the skin with a dry to... · people 60 years of age and older
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Stratum corneum hydration (SCH) (at baseline and day 56 ± 4) Hahnel 2017: measured at 56 ± 4 days in mid‐volar arm and lower leg in arbitrary units from 0 (no water) to 120 (on water) using the Corneometer CM 825 Gillis 2016: measured at 12 weeks ... · people 60 years of age and older
1 finding from 1 review

220 mg zinc sulphate supplement containing 50 mg elemental zinc vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether 220 mg zinc sulphate supplement containing 50 mg elemental zinc changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

250 mg magnesium oxide supplement vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether 250 mg magnesium oxide supplement changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

1000 mg/day omega‐3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil supplement vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether 1000 mg/day omega‐3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil supplement changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound width reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound length reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound depth reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound width reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review