Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,361 questions · 1,518 findings · 352 reviews

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No studies found 73 · 4.8%GRADE not reported 211 · 13.9%Very low 500 · 32.9%Low 411 · 27.1%Moderate 252 · 16.6%High 71 · 4.7%

Aquatic training vs land‐based training

Muscle strength · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Aquatic training vs control

Muscle strength · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 152 participants
Low

Aquatic training vs control

Six‐minute walk distance · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 213 participants
Low

Aquatic training vs land‐based training

Multidimensional function FIQ Total Score. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Very low

Aquatic training vs land‐based training

Physical function · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 74 participants
Very low

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Leaving the study early (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (> 7.5‐15 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes leaving the study early (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (>… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Haloperidol dose for the acute phase of schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.12]
2 studies · 64 participants
Very low

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Global state: No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes global state: 1. No clinically significant response in global state… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Haloperidol dose for the acute phase of schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.67, 1.75]
1 study · 48 participants
Very low

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (> 7.5‐15 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Haloperidol dose for the acute phase of schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.12]
2 studies · 64 participants
Very low

Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo

Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 434 participants
Moderate

Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo

Function (short‐term) WOMAC scale from: 0 to 100 (higher is worse function). · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 197 participants
Low

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Functional disability at 3 months ‐ not measured · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 292 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Attitudes towards relationship violence (0‐12 months) (higher score = less accepting of dating violence) · adolescents and young adults (aged 12‐25 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Educational and skills‐based interventions for preventing relationship and dating violence in adolescents and young… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 5256 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Behaviour in relationship violence (0‐12 months) (higher score = more positive behaviour) · adolescents and young adults (aged 12‐25 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Educational and skills‐based interventions for preventing relationship and dating violence in adolescents and young… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 887 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Knowledge of relationship violence (0‐12 months) (higher score = better knowledge) · adolescents and young adults (aged 12‐25 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Educational and skills‐based interventions for preventing relationship and dating violence in adolescents and young… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 6206 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Skills related to relationship violence (0‐12 months) (higher score = better skills) · adolescents and young adults (aged 12‐25 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Educational and skills‐based interventions for preventing relationship and dating violence in adolescents and young… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1369 participants
Moderate

Posterior cruciate ligament retention vs sacrifice (using the same arthroplasty design)

Health related quality of life measures and functional measures with validated instruments (WOMAC, range 0‐100, higher scores indicate worse pain, stiffness and functional limitations) · Patients receiving total knee arthroplasty with or without resection of the posterior cruciate ligament for the treatment of osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention versus sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Posterior cruciate ligament retention vs posterior stabilised sacrifice

Health related quality of life measures and functional measures with validated instruments (WOMAC, range 0‐100, higher scores indicate worse pain, stiffness and functional limitations) · Patients receiving total knee arthroplasty with or without posterior stabilised design for the treatment of osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Retention versus sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Posterior cruciate ligament retention vs sacrifice (all types of arthroplasty designs)

Health related quality of life measures and functional measures with validated instruments (WOMAC, range 0‐100, higher scores indicate worse pain, stiffness and functional limitations) · Patients receiving total knee arthroplasty with or without posterior stabilised design for the treatment of osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Retention versus sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Strong opioids vs placebo

Disability (higher ratings mean greater disability). Various instruments were used, e.g. in Oswestry Disability Index > 6 months' post operative 0% (no disability) to 100% (bedridden) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1375 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) score at 3 months Scale from: 0 to 40 (higher is better). · people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic exercise for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 43 participants
Low