What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 121 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in return to activity or level of sport at 2 years (low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [0.78, 1.91]
  1 study · 121 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes osteoarthritis at 5 years (very low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.8 [0.92, 3.52]
  1 study · 113 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower recurrence of pterygium ( (low certainty).

• Fibrin glue versus sutures for conjunctival autografting in primary pterygium surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.47 [0.27, 0.82]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher occurrence of complication (low certainty).

• Fibrin glue versus sutures for conjunctival autografting in primary pterygium surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.92 [1.22, 3.02]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Fibrin glue versus sutures for conjunctival autografting in primary pterygium surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (low certainty).

• Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.81, 1.59]
  20 studies · 1829 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher freedom from AF/AFL/AT off antiarrhythmic medications > 3 months (moderate certainty).

• Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.04 [1.63, 2.55]
  8 studies · 649 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes investigator‐defined adverse events (very low certainty).

• Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.85, 1.34]
  9 studies · 858 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher pacemaker implantation4 (moderate certainty).

• Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.69 [1.12, 2.54]
  18 studies · 1726 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in 30‐day mortality4 (low certainty).

• Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.71, 2.2]
  18 studies · 1566 participants
  Low

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF row: Illustrative comparative risks '‐' / '‐'; no relative effect; Comments: 'Not reported'. Results: 'Our prespecified primary outcome (the duration of orthodontic treatment, number of visits during active…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Results: 'Our prespecified secondary outcomes of patient satisfaction, improvement in occlusion, and prolonged stability of treatment were not measured in the trials.'
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Results: 'Our prespecified secondary outcomes of patient satisfaction, improvement in occlusion, and prolonged stability of treatment were not measured in the trials.'
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically… may leads to higher rate of tooth movement (orthodontic tooth movement in mm at 3 months) compared with conventional treatment: fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment… (low certainty).

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months
  MD 2.03 [1.52, 2.54]
  2 studies · 31 participants
  Low
• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 month
  MD 0.61 [0.49, 0.72]
  3 studies · 42 participants
  Low

Early vs late AED withdrawal

Early may leads to higher seizure relapse rate by time of withdrawal compared with late AED withdrawal (low certainty).

• Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [1.13, 1.59]
  5 studies · 924 participants
  Low

Early vs late AED withdrawal

Early showed no clear difference in seizure relapse rate in people with partial epilepsy by time of… compared with late AED withdrawal (low certainty).

• Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.51 [0.97, 2.35]
  2 studies · 180 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Chewing gum for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  77 studies · 8293 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Chewing gum for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  62 studies · 7283 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Chewing gum for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  50 studies · 5278 participants
  Moderate