Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,793 questions · 1,866 findings · 339 reviews

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No studies found 245 · 13.1%GRADE not reported 142 · 7.6%Very low 612 · 32.8%Low 513 · 27.5%Moderate 305 · 16.3%High 49 · 2.6%

Supervised programmes vs home exercises

Pain (short term) VAS or five‐point box scale · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
229 participants
Very low

Supervised programmes vs home exercises

Functional status, short‐term · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
229 participants
Very low

Surgery vs no surgery

Health related quality of life the Uniscale and the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS); Better indicated by lower values · participants with obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery for weight loss in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 140 participants
Moderate

Laparoscopic gastric bypass vs laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

Health related quality of life the Uniscale and the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS); Better indicated by lower values · participants with obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery for weight loss in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 250 participants
Very low

CANNABIS REDUCTION: ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'A' vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC 'B' for

**Mental state: Obsessive–Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS) (short‐term, higher=bad) ‐ short term Scale from: 0 to 44. · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis and schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 41 participants
Moderate

ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.29, 2.29]
8 studies · 662 participants
Very low

ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal ‐ akathisia · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS may leads to lower adverse effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ specific ‐ akathisia… compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.03 [0, 0.49]
1 study · 180 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: not improved ‐ short‐term GAF · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE changes global state: Not improved (talk, behaviour and expression still… compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.19, 0.59]
2 studies · 240 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Mental state: psychopathology Total endpoint data, BPRS (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐126) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 32 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 421 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE may leads to lower adverse effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.05 [0, 0.83]
1 study · 21 participants
Low

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Mental state: PANSS (not improved, reduced rated < 25%, short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes mental state: PANSS (not improved, reduced rated < 25%, short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.45, 0.94]
3 studies · 197 participants
Very low

ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG may leads to lower global state: Not improved (talk, behaviour and expression still… compared with TCM DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.11 [0.02, 0.59]
2 studies · 360 participants
Low

ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 454 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs TCM DRUG

Global state: not improved ‐ short‐term GAF · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE may leads to lower global state: Not improved, endpoint (short‐term) ‐ Not improved (no… compared with TCM DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.34, 0.8]
1 study · 88 participants
Low

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [0.33, 5.45]
10 studies · 870 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs TCM DRUG

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 328 participants
GRADE not reported

ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ECT

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Low

ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ECT

Adverse effects: Spinal fracture (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY may leads to lower adverse effects: Spinal fracture (short‐term) compared with ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.14, 0.81]
1 study · 68 participants
Low

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: Central Nervous System ‐ insomnia (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS may leads to lower adverse effects: Central Nervous System ‐ insomnia (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.3 [0.11, 0.83]
3 studies · 202 participants
Low