What do systematic reviews say?

Balanced protein and energy supplementation vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Balanced protein and energy supplementation vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Balanced protein and energy supplementation probably leads to lower stillbirth compared with control or no intervention (moderate certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.39, 0.94]
  5 studies · 3408 participants
  Moderate

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

• Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

• Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

• Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

• Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 2971 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 665 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

A 10-minute film followed by the same 30-minute one-to-one hygienist instruction on sugar consumption and dental health, plus oral hygiene, fluoride and regular visits (a multi-intervention) vs No special instructions (control)

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 to 12 months
  Table 3, mean (SD) sugar consumption (1-5 scale): film-plus-instruction group 3.53 (1.27) at baseline to 3.06 (1.12) at follow-up (significant versus baseline); control 2.89 (0.99) to 2.88 (1.27). Results judged…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs usual treatment alone

Brief one-session, manual-guided discussion based on the principles… led to lower alcohol consumption: consuming more than 21 units of alcohol per week compared with treatment at the outpatient clinic as usual; GRADE not reported.

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  RR 0.52 [0.32, 0.85]
  1 study · 151 participants
  GRADE not reported

One-to-one advice on sugar restriction: detailed information on the sugar content of foods, with instruction to refrain from sugar-containing foods between meals and to reduce sugar in main meals (6-week sugar restriction) vs No advice on sugar restriction

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks
  Table 5, mean (SD) intakes/day between meals: intervention 6.7 (1.9) baseline, 0.8 (1.0) at 3 weeks, 0.9 (1.0) at 6 weeks, 5.6 (3.0) at 12 weeks; control 5.3 (2.3), 5.2 (2.9), 4.6 (3.5), 4.7 (1.5). Significant…
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

One-to-one advice on sugar restriction: detailed information on the sugar content of foods, with instruction to refrain from sugar-containing foods between meals and to reduce sugar in main meals (6-week sugar restriction) vs No advice on sugar restriction

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks
  Table 5, mean (SD) intakes/day at main meals: intervention 2.8 (0.5) baseline, 0.7 (0.7) at 3 weeks, 0.8 (0.9) at 6 weeks, 2.3 (0.8) at 12 weeks; control 1.9 (1.1), 1.9 (1.2), 1.9 (1.1), 2.0 (0.9). Significant…
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

30 minutes of one-to-one instruction by a dental hygienist covering the relationship between sugar consumption and dental health, plus oral hygiene, fluoride and regular dental visits (a multi-intervention) vs No special instructions (control)

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 to 12 months
  Table 3, mean (SD) sugar consumption (1-5 scale): instruction group 3.41 (1.50) at baseline to 3.58 (1.07) at follow-up (significant versus baseline); control 2.89 (0.99) to 2.88 (1.27). The review judges the results…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

One-to-one advice on sugar restriction: detailed information on the sugar content of foods, with instruction to refrain from sugar-containing foods between meals and to reduce sugar in main meals (6-week sugar restriction) vs No advice on sugar restriction

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks
  Table 5, total mean (SD) intakes/day: intervention 9.5 (1.9) baseline, 1.6 (1.4) at 3 weeks, 1.8 (1.5) at 6 weeks, 7.8 (3.5) at 12 weeks; control 7.2 (2.6), 7.1 (3.7), 6.5 (4.2), 6.7 (2.2). Significant reduction versus…
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported