What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.41 [1.29, 1.55]
  120 studies · 31756 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher nicotine EC (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.37 [1.73, 3.24]
  16 studies · 3828 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.16 [0.74, 1.8]
  8 studies · 1094 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher bupropion (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.43 [1.26, 1.62]
  71 studies · 14759 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher nortriptyline (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.35 [1.02, 1.81]
  10 studies · 1290 participants
  Moderate

Dental extraction protocol with plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) inserted into the postextraction alveolus vs Standard dental extraction protocol without PRGF

• Interventions for managing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 60 months
  No intraoperative complications were observed in either of the groups.
  1 study · 176 participants
  GRADE not reported

Delicate surgery and wound closure by primary intention vs Non-traumatic tooth avulsion and wound closure by secondary intention

• Interventions for managing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No intraoperative complications were observed in either of the two groups.
  1 study · 700 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 484 participants
  Low

Primary closure of the extraction socket with a mucoperiosteal flap vs Application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) without primary closure

• Interventions for managing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  90 days
  No intraoperative complications occurred in either group. Postoperative complications: 6 participants (15.4%) in the mucoperiosteal flap group and 1 participant (2.6%) in the PRF group.
  1 study · 77 participants
  GRADE not reported

Combined HBO and perioperative antibiotics prior to dental implant therapy vs antibiotics alone

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 year
  This comparison was only made in 1 study which reported no serious adverse events associated with HBO therapy. Quality of life measures (oral status, functioning, satisfaction) showed emotional functioning and pain…
  1 study · 26 participants
  Very low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs dissolution therapy

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with dissolution therapy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.9, 1.41]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Very low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Shock wave lithotripsy probably leads to lower stone‐free rate compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (moderate certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.8, 0.97]
  1 study · 212 participants
  Moderate

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.88, 1.53]
  1 study · 23 participants
  Very low

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (moderate certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.14]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Moderate

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo with/without analgesics

Alpha‐blockers may leads to higher stone‐free rate compared with placebo with/without analgesics (low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [1.16, 1.54]
  6 studies · 335 participants
  Low

Slow shock wave lithotripsy vs rapid shock wave lithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether slow shock wave lithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with rapid shock wave lithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.25 [1.16, 4.36]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.43, 0.88]
  3 studies · 153 participants
  Very low

Combined HBO and perioperative antibiotics prior to dental implant therapy vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether combined HBO and perioperative antibiotics prior to dental implant… changes incidence of ORN compared with antibiotics alone prior to dental implant therapy (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 year
  RR 3.00 [0.14, 65.16]
  1 study · 26 participants
  Very low

Progesterone vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Progesterone vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported