Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,938 questions · 1,994 findings · 246 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 490 · 24.6%GRADE not reported 71 · 3.6%Very low 669 · 33.6%Low 446 · 22.4%Moderate 264 · 13.2%High 54 · 2.7%

MAL‐PDT vs surgical excision

Pain · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

MAL‐PDT showed no clear difference in pain compared with surgical excision (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.2 [0.6, 8.03]
1 study · 101 participants
Low

MAL‐PDT vs surgical excision

Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

MAL‐PDT probably leads to higher early treatment failure compared with surgical excision (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.66 [1.22, 36.41]
2 studies · 173 participants
Moderate

Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision

Cosmesis · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low

Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision

Pain · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision

Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Recurrence · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod probably leads to higher recurrence at 3 years compared with surgical excision (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 10.3 [3.22, 32.94]
1 study · 401 participants
Moderate
Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.73 [2.81, 21.3]
1 study · 383 participants
Moderate

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Cosmetic outcome (good/excellent) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod may leads to higher cosmetic outcome (good/excellent) compared with surgical excision (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.7 [1.35, 2.15]
1 study · 344 participants
Low

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod showed no clear difference in pain (moderate/severe) compared with surgical excision (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.98, 1.88]
1 study · 443 participants
Low

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Pain or straining on defecation · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 147 participants
Very low

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Incidence of postpartum constipation · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Quality of life · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Time from completion of operation to first bowel movement (hours) · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 147 participants
Very low

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10 postpartum days · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

It is very uncertain whether laxative plus bulking agent changes adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10… compared with laxative alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.81 [1.01, 3.23]
1 study · 147 participants
Very low

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Adverse effects on babies · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes

Wound complications · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery

Subcuticular sutures showed no clear difference in wound complications Incidence of wound complications compared with surgical tapes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.61, 1.34]
5 studies · 492 participants
Low

Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes

Wound dehiscence · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery

It is very uncertain whether subcuticular sutures changes wound dehiscence Incidence of wound dehiscence compared with surgical tapes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.07 [0, 1.47]
4 studies · 264 participants
Very low

Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes

Cosmesis of scar · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes

Patient satisfaction · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes

Wound closure time (minutes) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 169 participants
Very low

Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes

Costs · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 315 participants
Very low