What do systematic reviews say?

Direct composite resin restoration vs Amalgam restoration

Direct composite resin restoration showed no clear difference in fracture of restorations compared with amalgam restoration (low certainty).

• Direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings for permanent posterior teeth 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: 5 to 7 years
  RR 0.87 [0.46, 1.64]
  2 studies · 921 participants
  Low

ARP with allograft plus synthetic cell-binding peptide P-15 vs ARP with allograft without P-15

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site development 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  Outcome not reported
  0 studies
  No studies found

ARP with alloplast vs Extraction alone

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site development 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  Included study (Madan 2014) reported there were no adverse effects
  1 study · 15 participants
  Very low

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment)

Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other… led to lower bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with no treatment (no periodontal treatment); GRADE not reported.

• Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Long term · People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension
  MD -36.80 [-46.47, -27.13]
  1 study · 48 participants
  GRADE not reported

Visual or visual-tactile classification systems (any system: ICDAS, ERK, Nyvad, Downer, Lussi, UniViSS, or unspecified) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Visual or visual‐tactile examination to detect and inform the diagnosis of enamel caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Pit and fissure sealants
  Pre-specified heterogeneity investigation of surfaces with previously applied pit and fissure sealants: no studies reported the inclusion of sealants.
  0 studies
  No studies found

ARP with allograft plus synthetic cell-binding peptide P-15 vs ARP with allograft without P-15

It is very uncertain whether ARP with allograft plus synthetic cell-binding peptide P-15 changes changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) compared with ARP with allograft without P-15 (very low certainty).

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site development 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  MD -0.3 [-1.06, 0.46]
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

Lower lip bumper vs No active treatment (control)

Lower lip bumper led to lower lower molars to mandible at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

• Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  MD -0.91 [-1.58, -0.24]
  1 study · 34 participants
  GRADE not reported

COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No eligible study evaluated COE with vital rinse as a stand-alone screen against the reference standard in this version.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy vs Surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy only)

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy led to lower disease-free survival, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation vs… compared with surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy…; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97]
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Vibrational appliance with fixed appliances vs Fixed appliances

• Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  end of alignment
  Using a vibrational appliance did not affect amount of root resorption vs control (Woodhouse 2015; 72 participants analysed). Narrative; no pooled estimate.
  1 study · 72 participants
  GRADE not reported

Self-ligating brackets vs Conventional brackets

Self-ligating brackets led to lower time for ligation (seconds, to ligate six brackets) compared with conventional brackets; GRADE not reported.

• Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  during treatment
  MD -78.8 [-81.86, -75.74]
  1 study · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Bone-borne expansion vs Fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax)

Bone-borne expansion showed no clear difference in molar expansion (inter-molar distance) compared with fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) (low certainty).

• Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children and adolescents
  MD -0.14 [-0.85, 0.57]
  2 studies · 81 participants
  Low

Electrical conductance devices (electronic caries monitor (ECM) and/or CarieScan Pro), used as an adjunct to clinical oral examination vs Reference standard: histology or enhanced visual examination (with or without radiographs)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical conductance for the detection of dental caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies)
  No eligible studies. All included studies assessed occlusal surfaces only ('All studies assessed the use of the electrical conductance devices on occlusal surfaces.'); proximal surfaces were a planned surface subgroup…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

• Transillumination and optical coherence tomography for the detection and diagnosis of enamel caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo; in vitro no limit if stored appropriately)
  Specificity 0.83 [0.68, 0.91]
  10 studies
  GRADE not reported

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy vs Surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy only)

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation vs adjuvant… compared with surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy… (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.98]
  4 studies · 1097 participants
  Moderate

Fixed bonded Hyrax appliance followed by U-bow activator therapy vs no treatment

Fixed bonded Hyrax appliance followed by U-bow activator therapy showed no clear difference in molar expansion compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months after start of treatment
  U-bow activator 5.1 mm vs untreated 0.8 mm; P<0.001 (no SD reported); significant in favour of treatment
  1 study · 66 participants
  GRADE not reported

COE with blood/salivary (biomarker) analysis vs COE with light-based detection (e.g. ViziLite Plus, Microlux/DL, VELscope, Identafi 3000)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No eligible studies; planned comparative analysis (COE with light-based detection vs COE with blood/salivary analysis) not populated in this version.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Semi-rapid maxillary expansion vs Rapid maxillary expansion

Semi-rapid maxillary expansion showed no clear difference in canine expansion compared with rapid maxillary expansion; GRADE not reported.

• Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.36 [-0.64, 1.36]
  1 study · 35 participants
  GRADE not reported

Radiographic imaging methods (any: analogue radiographs, digital radiographs, or CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Restorations (secondary caries)
  Pre-specified heterogeneity investigation of teeth with previously applied restorations (secondary caries): no study intentionally included restored teeth in its sample. Studies evaluating secondary caries were…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Root repair material (RRM)

It is very uncertain whether mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) changes success rate at 1 year compared with root repair material (RRM) (very low certainty).

• Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 year
  RR 1.00 [0.94, 1.07]
  2 studies
  Very low