What do systematic reviews say?

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 149 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 247 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 507 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.27, 0.76]
  9 studies · 1353 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.2, 0.81]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.99, 1.17]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in thromboembolic events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in adverse event compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.45, 1.06]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA may leads to lower minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.59, 0.91]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.98, 1.27]
  4 studies · 603 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  0
  6 studies · 841 participants
  Moderate

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.22 [0.52, 52.72]
  4 studies · 602 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in secondary interventions compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.15 [0.84, 1.57]
  2 studies · 319 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA probably leads to lower major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.36 [0.21, 0.62]
  5 studies · 733 participants
  Moderate

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.45, 1.1]
  5 studies · 733 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether systemic TXA changes unplanned hospitalizations or readmissions compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (very low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.55 [0.45, 5.31]
  1 study · 189 participants
  Very low