What do systematic reviews say?

Box model training vs no training or standard surgical training

• Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 229 participants
  Very low

Box model training vs no training or standard surgical training

• Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 69 participants
  Very low

Box model training vs no training or standard surgical training

• Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 73 participants
  Very low

Box model training vs no training or standard surgical training

• Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 321 participants
  Very low

Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant

Dual mini-screw implant led to higher mesiodistal movement of the upper first permanent molar compared with single mini-screw implant; GRADE not reported.

• Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 1.62 [0.98, 2.26]
  1 study · 25 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Acceptability was not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage
  0 studies
  No studies found

Pre-drilling mini-screw implant vs Self-drilling mini-screw implant

• Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Self-reported pain on insertion (0-4 scale): pre-drilling mean 0.73 (SD 1.1; median 0.00, IQR 0-3) vs self-drilling mean 1.87 (SD 1.13; median 2.0, IQR 0-4); 1 study (Lehnen 2011), 30 participants
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects were not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage
  0 studies
  No studies found

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) vs paracetamol

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) leads to higher proportion of patients with >50% maximum pain relief (TOTPAR) over 6… compared with paracetamol (acetaminophen) (single postoperative oral dose; 600 mg… (high certainty).

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 hours postdosing · Ibuprofen 400 mg vs paracetamol 1000 mg
  RR 1.47 [1.28, 1.69]
  5 studies · 646 participants
  High

Combined paracetamol plus ibuprofen in a single tablet (e.g. paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg or 500/200 mg) vs Single drugs given separately (paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400 mg)

Combined paracetamol plus ibuprofen in a single tablet (e.g.… showed no clear difference in proportion of patients with >50% maximum pain relief (TOTPAR) over 2… compared with single drugs given separately (paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400… (moderate certainty).

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 hours postdosing · Paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg vs paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400 mg
  RR 1.29 [0.91, 1.85]
  1 study · 170 participants
  Moderate

Combined paracetamol plus ibuprofen in a single tablet (e.g. paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg or 500/200 mg) vs Single drugs given separately (paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400 mg)

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Study period (immediate postoperative)
  The majority of adverse events were minor in nature and usually included nausea, vomiting, headaches and dizziness. Side effect profiles have not been included in a meta-analysis as multiple adverse events were…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Combined paracetamol plus ibuprofen in a single tablet (e.g. paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg or 500/200 mg) vs Single drugs given separately (paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400 mg)

Combined paracetamol plus ibuprofen in a single tablet (e.g.… probably leads to higher proportion of patients with >50% maximum pain relief (TOTPAR) over 6… compared with single drugs given separately (paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400… (moderate certainty).

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 hours postdosing · Paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg vs paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400 mg
  RR 1.77 [1.32, 2.39]
  1 study · 170 participants
  Moderate

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) vs paracetamol

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) leads to higher proportion of patients with >50% maximum pain relief (TOTPAR) over 2… compared with paracetamol (acetaminophen) (single postoperative oral dose; 600 mg… (high certainty).

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 hours postdosing · Ibuprofen 400 mg vs paracetamol 1000 mg
  RR 1.30 [1.09, 1.55]
  5 studies · 645 participants
  High

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) vs paracetamol

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) leads to higher patients not using rescue medication at 6 hours compared with paracetamol (acetaminophen) (single postoperative oral dose; 600 mg… (high certainty).

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 hours postdosing · Ibuprofen 400 mg vs paracetamol 1000 mg
  RR 1.50 [1.25, 1.79]
  4 studies · 542 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Virtual reality training for surgical trainees in laparoscopic surgery 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 49 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Virtual reality training for surgical trainees in laparoscopic surgery 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 33 participants
  Very low

Intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes mortality compared with control (very low certainty).

• Percutaneous cholecystostomy for high‐risk surgical patients with acute calculous cholecystitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.3 [0.01, 7.08]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes serious adverse events compared with control (very low certainty).

• Percutaneous cholecystostomy for high‐risk surgical patients with acute calculous cholecystitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.04, 4.7]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes eradication of MRSA (very low certainty).

• Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in surgical wounds 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.8 [1.2, 2.68]
  1 study · 59 participants
  Very low

Nurse‐led vs doctor‐led POA

• Nurse‐led versus doctor‐led preoperative assessment for elective surgical patients requiring regional or general… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported