Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Early amniocentesis vs transabdominal chorionic villus sampling

Delivery before 33 weeks · prenatal diagnosis

Early amniocentesis showed no clear difference in delivery before 33 weeks compared with transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.09, 2.73]
1 study · 1121 participants
Low

Early amniocentesis vs transabdominal chorionic villus sampling

Anomalies (all recorded) · prenatal diagnosis

It is very uncertain whether early amniocentesis changes anomalies (all recorded) compared with transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.57, 2.3]
4 studies · 5305 participants
Very low

Second trimester amniocentesis vs control

Laboratory failure · prenatal diagnosis

Second trimester amniocentesis leads to higher laboratory failure compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 27.02 [1.61, 454.31]
1 study · 4606 participants
High

Second trimester amniocentesis vs control

Known false negative after birth · prenatal diagnosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Second trimester amniocentesis vs control

Delivery before 33 weeks · prenatal diagnosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Second trimester amniocentesis vs control

Anomalies (all recorded) · prenatal diagnosis

Second trimester amniocentesis showed no clear difference in anomalies (all recorded) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.62, 1.39]
1 study · 4507 participants
Moderate

Early vs second trimester amniocentesis

Miscarriage · prenatal diagnosis

Early showed no clear difference in spontaneous miscarriage compared with second trimester amniocentesis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.41 [1, 1.98]
1 study · 4334 participants
Moderate

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Neonatal sepsis/infection · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth showed no clear difference in neonatal infection/sepsis compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.66, 1.3]
12 studies · 3628 participants
Moderate

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth leads to higher neonatal respiratory distress syndrome compared with expectant management (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [1.05, 1.53]
12 studies · 3622 participants
High

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Need for mechanical ventilation · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth leads to higher need for ventilation compared with expectant management (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.27 [1.02, 1.58]
7 studies · 2895 participants
High

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth probably leads to higher admission to neonatal intensive care compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [1.08, 1.24]
4 studies · 2691 participants
Moderate

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Caesarean section · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth leads to higher caesarean section compared with expectant management (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [1.11, 1.44]
12 studies · 3620 participants
High

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Chorioamnionitis · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth probably leads to lower chorioamnionitis compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.26, 0.95]
8 studies · 1358 participants
Moderate

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Length of maternal hospital stay (days) · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth showed no clear difference in length of hospital stay (maternal) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2848 participants
Moderate

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Maternal infectious morbidity (chorioamnionitis and/or endometritis) · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)

Planned early birth may leads to lower maternal infectious morbidity (chorioamnionitis and/or endometritis) compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.33, 0.72]
8 studies · 6864 participants
Low

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Caesarean section · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)

Planned early birth showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.69, 1.04]
23 studies · 8576 participants
Low

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Serious maternal morbidity or death · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 425 participants
Very low

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Definite early‐onset neonatal sepsis · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)

It is very uncertain whether planned early birth changes definite early‐onset neonatal sepsis compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.24, 1.33]
6 studies · 1303 participants
Very low

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Definite or probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)

Planned early birth may leads to lower definite or probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.58, 0.92]
16 studies · 7314 participants
Low

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Perinatal mortality · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)

Planned early birth showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth or neonatal mortality) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.13, 1.66]
8 studies · 6392 participants
Moderate