Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,760 questions · 8,065 findings · 1,036 reviews

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No studies found 1,686 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 675 · 8.4%Very low 1,953 · 24.2%Low 2,048 · 25.4%Moderate 1,296 · 16.1%High 407 · 5%

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Summary of findings: ultrasound‐guided injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic (UG CS+LA) vs injection with corticosteroid and anaesthetic

Pain at short term (4 weeks) VAS 10‐cm scale, which was translated to a 0 to 100 scale in which lower scores mean less pain. · Morton's neuroma

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for Morton's neuroma 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 116 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous infusion of intravenous loop diuretics vs bolus injection of intravenous loop diuretics

Hospital readmission · adults (aged greater than 18 years) with acute heart failure

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous infusion of intravenous loop… showed no clear difference in readmission to hospital following discharge compared with bolus injection of intravenous loop diuretics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous infusion versus bolus injection of loop diuretics for acute heart failure 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.63, 1.16]
3 studies · 400 participants
Low

Face‐down positioning vs other positioning

Visual acuity · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

It is very uncertain whether face‐down positioning changes mean change in logMAR or Snellen visual acuity from baseline to 3… compared with other positioning (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Face‐down positioning or posturing after pars plana vitrectomy for macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Very low

Face‐down positioning vs other positioning

Mean objective distortion score at 3 months or later (lower is favored) · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

It is very uncertain whether face‐down positioning changes mean objective distortion score at 3 months or later (lower is… compared with other positioning (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Face‐down positioning or posturing after pars plana vitrectomy for macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 1.8
1 study · 219 participants
Very low

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment

Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
OR 0.24 [0.10, 0.60]
2 studies · 220 participants
GRADE not reported

Oxitard (antioxidant) vs Topical aloe vera gel

Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Oxitard (antioxidant) led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with aloe vera gel; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 to 6 months
OR 0.17 [0.07, 0.44]
1 study · 120 participants
GRADE not reported

Part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
MD -0.34 [-0.66, -0.02]
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Patient satisfaction (measured by patient satisfaction or aesthetic scales) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer changes patient satisfaction: aesthetics (VAS 0-10 cm, lower arch) compared with multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
MD 1.49 [0.76, 2.22]
1 study · 32 participants
Very low

CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Patient satisfaction: discomfort/pain (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
No studies measured or reported this outcome
0 studies
No studies found

Part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
MD 0.92 [0.23, 1.61]
1 study · 56 participants
Very low

CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer changes survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) compared with conventional/analogue multistrand fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
RR 1.29 [0.67, 2.49]
1 study · 41 participants
Very low

Full-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether full-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
RR 3.42 [1.38, 8.47]
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer showed no clear difference in survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) compared with multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
RR 1.01 [0.84, 1.21]
7 studies · 1337 participants
Low

Part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
RR 0.44 [0.20, 0.98]
1 study · 57 participants
Very low

Hawley removable retainer vs Clear plastic removable retainer

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether hawley removable retainer changes stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) compared with clear plastic removable retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
MD 0.01 [-0.65, 0.67]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: bleeding on probing (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
No RCTs at 12-month follow-up; 1 RCT at 6 months found no difference (very low-certainty)
0 studies
No studies found

Hawley removable retainer vs Clear plastic removable retainer

Survival of retainers (failure/how many failed) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether hawley removable retainer changes survival of retainers (failure, upper and lower arches) compared with clear plastic removable retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · upper and lower arches
RR 0.60 [0.43, 0.83]
1 study · 111 participants
Very low

Hawley removable retainer vs Clear plastic removable retainer

Patient satisfaction: comfort (VAS, upper and lower arches) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · upper and lower arches
No RCTs at 12 months; 1 RCT at 6 months: Hawley less comfortable (VAS MD -1.86, 95% CI -2.19 to -1.53; very low-certainty)
0 studies
No studies found

CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer showed no clear difference in adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) compared with conventional/analogue multistrand fixed (bonded) retainer (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · lower arch
MD 0.00 [-0.16, 0.16]
2 studies · 107 participants
Low

Labour induction vs expectant management

Low Apgar score · women with term or near term (> 37 weeks' gestation) with suspected fetal macrosomia

Induction of labour showed no clear difference in low Apgar score (5 minutes) compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Induction of labour at or near term for suspected fetal macrosomia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.51 [0.25, 9.02]
2 studies · 858 participants
Low