What do systematic reviews say?

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  The study did not provide any data on mortality, adverse events requiring hospitalisation, adverse effects of antibiotics or cost implications of treatment.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure changes development of endocarditis (in those with definite indication for… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis or placebo (very low certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  within 180 days · Definite indication for prophylaxis
  OR 1.62 [0.57, 4.57]
  1 study · 248 participants
  Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… may leads to lower dry socket compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1st to 7th day
  RR 0.66 [0.45, 0.97]
  13 studies · 1882 participants
  Low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… may leads to lower postsurgical infectious complications compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1st to 14th day
  RR 0.34 [0.19, 0.64]
  12 studies · 1728 participants
  Low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes swelling (7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7th day
  RR 0.80 [0.50, 1.27]
  4 studies · 452 participants
  Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes pain (continuous, VAS 0-10 cm, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6th to 7th day
  MD -0.26 [-0.59, 0.07]
  4 studies · 422 participants
  Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes presence of pain (dichotomous, yes/no on 6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6th to 7th day
  RR 0.59 [0.31, 1.12]
  3 studies · 675 participants
  Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1st to 7th day
  RR 1.46 [0.81, 2.64]
  8 studies · 1277 participants
  Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7th day
  RR 0.77 [0.42, 1.41]
  3 studies · 199 participants
  Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs Placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies: none of the 23 included trials evaluated tooth extraction in immunocompromised patients; subgroup analysis based on immune status was not possible as no such studies were identified.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes fever (6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6th to 7th day
  RR 0.66 [0.24, 1.79]
  4 studies · 475 participants
  Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs Placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies in general dental practice for removal of decayed teeth. PUB3 added one routine intra-alveolar extraction trial and one complex oral surgery trial (2 of 23 non-third-molar), but the single intra-alveolar…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) vs Full-term birth (37 weeks or more gestation)

In children aged 3 years or younger, preterm birth was not associated with early childhood caries (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.37); certainty not graded.

• Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the case-control and… 2020 All outcomes

  Community/epidemiological studies of preschool children (multiple countries) · Children aged 3 years or younger
  OR 0.90 [0.59, 1.37]
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the case-control and… 2020 All outcomes

  Community/epidemiological studies of preschool children (multiple countries) · Overall
  OR 1.59 [1.36, 1.87]
  16 studies · 21279 participants
  GRADE not reported

Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva

Bethanechol showed no clear difference in xerostomia (dry mouth, yes/no) compared with artificial saliva; GRADE not reported.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  8 to 40 weeks postRT
  RR 0.56 [0.30, 1.05]
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of RT
  RR 0.63 [0.30, 1.29]
  1 study · 36 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Palifermin showed no clear difference in progression-free survival compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  42 to 72 months from baseline
  HR 1.06 [0.80, 1.42]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva

Bethanechol showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with artificial saliva; GRADE not reported.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  40 weeks postRT
  RR 1.59 [0.43, 5.84]
  1 study · 43 participants
  GRADE not reported

Amifostine vs no treatment/placebo

Amifostine showed no clear difference in dysphagia (grade >= 3, 0-4 scale) compared with no treatment/placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of RT; up to 3 months postRT
  RR 0.50 [0.17, 1.48]
  2 studies · 73 participants
  GRADE not reported

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data on adverse events were reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Tumour response by RECIST criteria reported for a specific group of patients only; no usable survival data (Watanabe 2010)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Palifermin showed no clear difference in xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-4 scale) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to and including 3 months postRT
  RR 0.97 [0.77, 1.22]
  3 studies · 471 participants
  Low