Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

407 questions · 412 findings · 45 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 137 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 8 · 1.9%Very low 129 · 31.3%Low 88 · 21.4%Moderate 47 · 11.4%High 3 · 0.7%

Hypertonic saline vs other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents

Mortality (short‐term) · people with acute traumatic brain injury

It is very uncertain whether hypertonic saline changes mortality (short‐term) compared with other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic saline vs other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents

Mortality at 6 months · people with acute traumatic brain injury

It is very uncertain whether hypertonic saline changes mortality at 6 months compared with other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic saline vs other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents

Glasgow Outcome Scale: poor outcome at 6 months · people with acute traumatic brain injury

It is very uncertain whether hypertonic saline changes glasgow Outcome Scale: poor outcome at 6 months compared with other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Normal saline plus standard treatment vs usual care

Antibiotic usage Patient‐reported usage · patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections

It is very uncertain whether normal saline plus standard treatment changes antibiotic usage Patient‐reported usage compared with standard treatment alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review