Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,288 questions · 3,354 findings · 516 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 720 · 21.5%GRADE not reported 164 · 4.9%Very low 950 · 28.3%Low 932 · 27.8%Moderate 434 · 12.9%High 154 · 4.6%

Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding

Complications related to tube insertion ( · critically ill adult patients

Post‐pyloric tube feeding showed no clear difference in complications related to tube insertion ( compared with gastric tube feeding (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Post‐pyloric tube feeding vs gastric tube feeding

Complications related to tube maintenance ( · critically ill adult patients

Post‐pyloric tube feeding showed no clear difference in complications related to tube maintenance ( compared with gastric tube feeding (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Restriction of pacifier use vs no restriction

Proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at 4‐6 months · healthy full‐term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed

Restriction of pacifier use showed no clear difference in proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at 4‐6 months compared with no restriction (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Hydrocephalus shunt · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in hydrocephalus shunt compared with conservative treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Death · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in death compared with conservative treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Major disability in survivors · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in major disability in survivors compared with conservative treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Multiple disability in survivors · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in multiple disability in survivors compared with conservative treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Death or disability · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in death or disability compared with conservative treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Death or shunt · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in death or shunt compared with conservative treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Infection of CSF presurgery · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in infection of CSF presurgery compared with conservative treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review