Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

397 questions · 417 findings · 49 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 93 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 12 · 2.9%Very low 117 · 28.1%Low 108 · 25.9%Moderate 67 · 16.1%High 20 · 4.8%

Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3

Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with quiescent IBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3

Withdrawals due to adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with quiescent IBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether diet plus physical activity changes all‐cause mortality compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.5, 2.5]
10 studies · 4099 participants
Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

Development of type 2 diabetes · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Diet plus physical activity probably leads to lower incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus Diagnostic criteria: 3 trials… compared with standard treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.5, 0.64]
11 studies · 4511 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

SAEs · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 250 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

Cardiovascular mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether diet plus physical activity changes cardiovascular mortality compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.24, 3.65]
7 studies · 3263 participants
Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

Non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 102 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

Health-related quality of life (after at least 5 years follow-up) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 2144 participants
Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

Costs (direct costs of interventions) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2775 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs physical activity interventions

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3946 participants
High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs physical activity interventions

Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3946 participants
High

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Average achievement across subjects taught at school · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Mathematics · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 255 participants
Moderate

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Reading · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Additional educational support needs · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Physical activity vs standard practice

Cognitive function: Composite executive functions · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 116 participants
High

Physical activity vs standard practice

Cognitive function: Inhibition control · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 84 participants
Very low

Physical activity vs standard practice

Adverse events · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Adverse event outcomes for physical activity interventions vs no intervention

Physical injuries · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 912 participants
Low

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus adjunctive physical activity vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Reduction in physical signs (overall physical impact) As measured by PMDRS, total score (lower is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 21 participants
Very low