What do systematic reviews say?

Longer vs shorter duration of combination nicotine replacement therapy

• Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Varenicline vs placebo or no medication

Varenicline leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with placebo or no medication (high certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.32 [2.15, 2.51]
  41 studies · 17395 participants
  High

Cytisine vs varenicline

Cytisine showed no clear difference in SAEs compared with varenicline (low certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.44, 1.03]
  2 studies · 2017 participants
  Low

Cytisine vs varenicline

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Cytisine vs varenicline

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Varenicline vs bupropion

Varenicline leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with bupropion (high certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.36 [1.25, 1.49]
  9 studies · 7560 participants
  High

Varenicline vs bupropion

Varenicline showed no clear difference in SAEs compared with bupropion (low certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.61, 1.31]
  5 studies · 5317 participants
  Low

Varenicline vs bupropion

Varenicline showed no clear difference in neuropsychiatric SAEs compared with bupropion (low certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.16, 7.04]
  2 studies · 866 participants
  Low

Varenicline vs placebo or no medication

Varenicline probably leads to higher SAEs (varenicline vs placebo or no medication) compared with placebo or no medication (moderate certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [1.01, 1.48]
  26 studies · 14356 participants
  Moderate

Varenicline vs bupropion

Varenicline showed no clear difference in cardiac SAEs compared with bupropion (low certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.17 [0.33, 30.18]
  2 studies · 866 participants
  Low

Varenicline vs e‐cigarettes

It is very uncertain whether varenicline changes smoking abstinence at longest compared with e‐cigarettes (very low certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.25 [1.21, 8.71]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Very low

Varenicline vs placebo or no medication

Varenicline showed no clear difference in neuropsychiatric SAEs (varenicline vs placebo or no medication) compared with placebo or no medication (low certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.61, 1.29]
  22 studies · 7846 participants
  Low

Varenicline vs e‐cigarettes

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 54 participants
  GRADE not reported

Varenicline vs e‐cigarettes

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 54 participants
  GRADE not reported

Varenicline vs e‐cigarettes

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 54 participants
  GRADE not reported

Varenicline vs placebo or no medication

Varenicline showed no clear difference in cardiac SAEs (varenicline vs placebo or no medication) compared with placebo or no medication (low certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [0.79, 1.84]
  18 studies · 7151 participants
  Low

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

Cytisine probably leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with placebo or no medication (moderate certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.3 [1.15, 1.47]
  4 studies · 4623 participants
  Moderate

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

Cytisine showed no clear difference in SAEs (cytisine vs placebo or no medication) compared with placebo or no medication (low certainty).

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.78, 1.37]
  3 studies · 3781 participants
  Low

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found