Femur fracture · European GWAS participants
The SVMR Weighted Median interval included the null.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 1.055 [0.979, 1.136]
489106 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.044 [0.983, 1.109]
489106 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.063 [0.991, 1.140]
489106 participants
GRADE not reported
Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The SVMR Weighted Median interval included the null.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 0.979 [0.826, 1.159]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.014 [0.872, 1.179]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.934 [0.786, 1.111]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
Wrist fractures · general population
Wrist-fracture risk declined nearly linearly with increasing fluoride: RR 1.00 at 0.01 mg/L to 0.84 at 1.5 mg/L drinking-water fluoride vs null; ungraded.
2 findings from 1 review
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 1.5 mg/L vs null
RR 0.84 [0.43, 1.65]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 0.01 mg/L vs null
RR 1.00 [0.99, 1.01]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · Postmenopausal women (European ancestry)
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture (single-variable MR, OR 1.014).
2 findings from 1 review
Hip Fracture · general population
Overall hip-fracture risk showed little association with drinking-water fluoride and a nearly flat dose-response curve (narrow CI); no numeric RR reported in text; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.005 [0.940, 1.074]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
Femur fracture · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted dental caries (DMFS) had no significant causal effect on fracture of femur (multivariable MR, OR 1.069).
2 findings from 1 review
Lumbar spine and pelvis fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.034 [0.769, 1.390]
490700 participants
GRADE not reported
Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.281 [0.640, 2.565]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · Females aged over 50 years
In females over 50, spine BMD showed an inverted U-shaped curve with a downward trend beginning at lower fluoride concentrations than in the overall analysis; no numeric MD reported in text; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · European GWAS participants
The MVMR IVW interval excluded zero.
1 finding from 1 review
Forearm fracture · European GWAS participants
The SVMR Weighted Median interval included the null.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 0.914 [0.799, 1.046]
490889 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.883 [0.738, 1.057]
490889 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.920 [0.836, 1.011]
490889 participants
GRADE not reported
Osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.011 [0.876, 1.167]
376746 participants
GRADE not reported
Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)
In the mandible, mean patient age was not significantly associated with space closure odds (OR 0.59 per year; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to initial pain relief (minutes) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction
Neocone led to higher time to initial pain relief (minutes) compared with alvogyl; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain (VAS cm) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction
Advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) led to lower pain (VAS cm) compared with control (no treatment); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Swelling (mean) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain (VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction
1 finding from 1 review
Fever · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Exposed bone (present versus absent) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction
1 finding from 1 review
PRGF versus Alvogyl (King 2018), exposed bone (% patients): day 3 PRGF 9.1% vs Alvogyl 9.1%; day 7 PRGF 0% vs Alvogyl 22.7% (P<0.05 at day 7)
1 study · 44 participants
GRADE not reported