Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

676 questions · 705 findings · 98 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 183 · 26%GRADE not reported 47 · 6.7%Very low 209 · 29.6%Low 153 · 21.7%Moderate 85 · 12.1%High 28 · 4%

Adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube vs unilateral ventilation tube only

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube changes presence or persistence of OME (3 years ‐ long‐term) № of… compared with unilateral ventilation tube only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes vs bilateral ventilation tubes only

Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes changes hearing: return to normal hearing at 6 to 9 months № of… compared with bilateral ventilation tubes only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes vs bilateral ventilation tubes only

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME ‐ over 12 months № of participants: 254… compared with bilateral ventilation tubes only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes vs bilateral ventilation tubes only

Specific adverse events: haemorrhage · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

Adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes showed no clear difference in adverse event: haemorrhage № of participants: 791(2 RCTs) compared with bilateral ventilation tubes only (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube vs unilateral ventilation tube only

Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube changes hearing: proportion of children with hearing returned to normal (12… compared with unilateral ventilation tube only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Stereoacuity at distance Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity Measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using the PACT at 1 year · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years

Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication showed no clear difference in motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using the PACT at 1 year compared with lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Motor fusion test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years

It is very uncertain whether lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication changes motor fusion test Measured using the synoptophore and Titmus fly… compared with lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lifestyle vs control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes

Perinatal (fetal and neonatal death) and later infant mortality · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Lifestyle showed no clear difference in perinatal (fetal and neonatal death) and later infant mortality compared with control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review