Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

107 questions · 114 findings · 12 reviews · Neonatal

Sort:Best matchNewest Highest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 18 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 3 · 2.6%Very low 35 · 30.7%Low 32 · 28.1%Moderate 24 · 21.1%High 2 · 1.8%

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Linear growth (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hydrolysed vs non‐hydrolysed formula

Feed intolerance · feeding preterm infants

Hydrolysed showed no clear difference in feed intolerance compared with non‐hydrolysed formula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.71 [0.29, 25]
3 studies · 161 participants
Low

Hydrolysed vs non‐hydrolysed formula

Necrotising enterocolitis · feeding preterm infants

Hydrolysed showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis compared with non‐hydrolysed formula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.36, 3.34]
5 studies · 385 participants
Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Weight gain · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 271 participants
Moderate

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.78]
1 study · 61 participants
Very low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Linear growth during hospital stay (cm/week) · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 271 participants
Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 271 participants
Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm or low birth weight infants

High showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.5, 1.02]
2 studies · 271 participants
Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.12, 4.51]
2 studies · 283 participants
Very low

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

Weight gain · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Moderate

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

Linear growth (cm/week) · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Feed thickener vs control

Number of episodes of regurgitation or vomiting per day · Formula‐fed healthy term infants up to 6 months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux

1 finding from 1 review

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 442 participants
Moderate

Proportion of infants without regurgitation or vomiting at the end of intervention period (asymptomatic infants) · Formula‐fed healthy term infants up to 6 months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux

Feed thickener may leads to higher proportion of infants without regurgitation or vomiting at the end… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.5 [1.38, 4.51]
2 studies · 186 participants
Low

Feed thickener vs control

Reflux index (percentage of time pH < 4) · Formula‐fed healthy term infants up to 6 months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux

1 finding from 1 review

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 116 participants
Low

Feed thickener vs control

Number of reflux episodes lasting > 5 minutes · Formula‐fed healthy term infants up to 6 months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux

1 finding from 1 review

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 116 participants
Low

Feed thickener vs control

Duration of longest reflux episode · Formula‐fed healthy term infants up to 6 months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux

1 finding from 1 review

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 116 participants
Low