VAS score at 24 hours (on coughing/after physiotherapy) Score from 0 ‐ 10 · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
1 finding from 1 review
VAS scores at 48 hours (at rest) Score from 0 ‐ 10 · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Rates of block‐related adverse events · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Failed blocks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in failed blocks compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain scores at 1 hour after surgery6 · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
1 finding from 1 review
Block duration (0 to 1 day) · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
1 finding from 1 review
Time to perform block · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
1 finding from 1 review
Number of needle passes · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
1 finding from 1 review
Minor complications (3 to 6 weeks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in minor complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Major complications · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in major complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative opioid consumption, 'overall' (MEQ, mg) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Gastrointestinal recovery · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (e.g. the number of participants that died, or had arrhythmias, other heart rate disorders, or showed any signs of lidocaine toxicity) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Nausea · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Neurological injury · patients with knee replacement surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Opioid consumption at 24 hours using morphine equivalents Scale from zero to 150 mg · patients with knee replacement surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal nausea and/or vomiting · patients with knee replacement surgery
FNB (any type) probably leads to lower nausea and/or vomiting compared with epidural analgesia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Knee flexion range of motion (degree) · patients with knee replacement surgery
1 finding from 1 review