Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

168 questions · 168 findings · 19 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 47 · 28%GRADE not reported 7 · 4.2%Very low 53 · 31.5%Low 41 · 24.4%Moderate 14 · 8.3%High 6 · 3.6%

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Treatment failure (Number of participants who have undergone or are being considered for a surgical intervention) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Treatment failure (graft rupture or ACL reconstruction) at 2 years5 · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)

The intervention may leads to lower treatment failure (graft rupture or ACL reconstruction) at 2 years5 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Treatment failure (meniscal surgery) at 5 years5,7 · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)

The intervention showed no clear difference in treatment failure (meniscal surgery) at 5 years5,7 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Hydrocephalus shunt · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in hydrocephalus shunt compared with conservative treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Death · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in death compared with conservative treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Major disability in survivors · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in major disability in survivors compared with conservative treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Multiple disability in survivors · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in multiple disability in survivors compared with conservative treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Death or disability · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in death or disability compared with conservative treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Death or shunt · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in death or shunt compared with conservative treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures vs conservative treatment

Infection of CSF presurgery · preterm infants less than three months of age with either: a) IVH demonstrated by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan; or b)…

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures showed no clear difference in infection of CSF presurgery compared with conservative treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review