What do systematic reviews say?

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 400 participants
  Moderate

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.98, 1.27]
  4 studies · 603 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  0
  6 studies · 841 participants
  Moderate

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.22 [0.52, 52.72]
  4 studies · 602 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in secondary interventions compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.15 [0.84, 1.57]
  2 studies · 319 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA probably leads to lower major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.36 [0.21, 0.62]
  5 studies · 733 participants
  Moderate

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.45, 1.1]
  5 studies · 733 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether systemic TXA changes unplanned hospitalizations or readmissions compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (very low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.55 [0.45, 5.31]
  1 study · 189 participants
  Very low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1151 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic burden reduction interventions vs usual care

• Anticholinergic deprescribing interventions for reducing risk of cognitive decline or dementia in older adults with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 299 participants
  Very low

Anticholinergic burden reduction interventions vs usual care

• Anticholinergic deprescribing interventions for reducing risk of cognitive decline or dementia in older adults with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Anticholinergic burden reduction interventions vs usual care

• Anticholinergic deprescribing interventions for reducing risk of cognitive decline or dementia in older adults with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only probably leads to lower stopping breastfeeding (any) at 6 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.89, 0.97]
  30 studies · 14610 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding at 12 months compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.9, 1]
  2 studies · 1311 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus probably leads to lower stopping breastfeeding (any) at 6 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]
  11 studies · 4879 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus may leads to lower stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.7, 0.9]
  13 studies · 7650 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding (any) at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.08]
  6 studies · 2325 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Support plus changes stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.57, 0.95]
  6 studies · 2402 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding (any) at 2 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.79, 1.07]
  4 studies · 2089 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Support plus changes stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 2 months compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.78, 1.03]
  9 studies · 4537 participants
  Very low
• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.75, 1]
  10 studies · 4766 participants
  Low