The effect of gum chewing on xerostomia and salivary flow rate in elderly and medically compromised subjects: a… 2023 All outcomes
Various (preoperative period to 3 + 1 months) · Haemodialysis units, elderly / geriatric care, cancer and palliative care, and xerostomia / hyposalivation clinics (studies from multiple countries)
Narrative vote-count: of 7 studies measuring thirst, 6 found gum chewing reduced thirst [16,20,21,26,27,31] and 1 detected no effect [29].
7 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Pulp necrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Reversible hydrocolloid impression material
Proportion 1.19
1 study
GRADE not reported

Glass ionomer (GIC) permanent cement vs Glass ionomer cement or zinc phosphate cement

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with GIC permanent cement was 5.33%.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
GIC
Proportion 5.33 [2.56, 9.03]
182 participants
GRADE not reported

Indirect restorations (crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays/onlays/veneers) vs None (single-group incidence)

Periapical pathosis · Vital teeth restored with indirect restorations

Periapical pathosis incidence among follow-up >5-10 years was 3.88% (subgroup analysis; not GRADE-rated).

6 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
>5-10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Follow-up >5-10 years
Proportion 3.88 [1.95, 6.45]
1864 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
>10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Follow-up >10 years
Proportion 4.05 [0.89, 9.36]
2656 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Fixed partial dentures (FPD)
Proportion 4.59 [2.28, 7.64]
9 studies · 2435 participants
GRADE not reported

Show 3 more findings

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries
Proportion 3.63 [2.05, 5.63]
15 studies · 5376 participants
Low
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
≤5 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Follow-up ≤5 years
Proportion 2.26 [0.59, 4.98]
856 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Single-unit restorations
Proportion 2.20 [1.12, 3.61]
6 studies · 2339 participants
GRADE not reported

Gum chewing (sugar-free) vs Within-subject before/after comparison of soft gum vs hard gum (no no-gum control)

Oral mucosal moisture · Elderly (>60 years) and medically compromised adults with xerostomia / dry mouth

One small study found that chewing hard (but not soft) gum increased oral mucosal moisture.

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of gum chewing on xerostomia and salivary flow rate in elderly and medically compromised subjects: a… 2023 All outcomes
2-week chewing period (soft then hard gum, with 2-week wash-out) · Haemodialysis units, elderly / geriatric care, cancer and palliative care, and xerostomia / hyposalivation clinics (studies from multiple countries)
Single study [22] (Nakagawa 2017): chewing hard gum significantly increased oral mucosal moisture whereas chewing soft gum did not.
1 study · 12 participants
GRADE not reported

Polyether impression material vs Polyvinyl siloxane impression material

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with polyether impression material was 4.02%.

2 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Polyether
Proportion 4.02 [2.47, 5.92]
2985 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Polyvinyl siloxane
Proportion 3.17 [1.55, 5.34]
636 participants
GRADE not reported

Ceramic restoration material vs Porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration material

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with ceramic restorations was 5.59%.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Ceramic
Proportion 5.59 [2.89, 9.12]
460 participants
GRADE not reported

Pulp-status assessment method

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with radiographic assessment was 4.95%.

2 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Radiographic
Proportion 4.95 [2.43, 8.29]
5 studies · 1853 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Objective
Proportion 5.66 [3.71, 7.99]
24 studies · 6581 participants
GRADE not reported

Zinc polycarboxylate cement

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

One study reported a 1.1% incidence with zinc polycarboxylate permanent cement.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Zinc polycarboxylate
Proportion 1.1
1 study
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Pulp necrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Compound impression material
Proportion 3.27
1 study
GRADE not reported

Gum chewing (sugar-free) vs No chewing gum

Dry mouth (xerostomia) · Elderly (>60 years) and medically compromised adults with xerostomia / dry mouth

Gum chewing was linked with improved self-reported xerostomia / dry mouth in most studies (12 of 17 positive, 5 no effect); heterogeneous instruments precluded meta-analysis.

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of gum chewing on xerostomia and salivary flow rate in elderly and medically compromised subjects: a… 2023 All outcomes
Various (single session to 3 months) · Haemodialysis units, elderly / geriatric care, cancer and palliative care, and xerostomia / hyposalivation clinics (studies from multiple countries)
Narrative vote-count: of 17 studies measuring self-reported xerostomia / dry mouth, 12 found a positive effect of gum chewing [18,19,21,23,24,25,26,27,30,31,38,40] and 5 detected no effect [17,29,33,34,37]. No study…
17 studies
GRADE not reported

Indirect restorations (crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays/onlays/veneers) vs None (single-group incidence)

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with ≤ 5 years of follow-up was 3.53%.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
≤ 5 years · ≤ 5 years
Proportion 3.53 [2.10, 5.31]
5532 participants
Low

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Mortality or serious adverse events requiring hospital admission · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Mortality or serious adverse events requiring hospitalisation | No data reported | 248 (1 study) | - | -
0 studies
No studies found

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Development of endocarditis due to other (non-dental) causes · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Only four cases developed endocarditis following non-dental medical interventions (within the past 180 days and with pre-existing cardiac indications for the use of prophylaxis), so assessment of the effects of…
0 studies
No studies found

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Adverse effects of antibiotics · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects of antibiotics | No data reported | 248 (1 study) | - | -
0 studies
No studies found